考前2天题型组合练（九）-高考领航高考英语考前特训30天.docx

考前2天题型组合练(九)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonyvanLeeuwenhoek，amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s，Leeuwenhoek，inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大镜)heusedtoexaminecloth，builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny，roundedlenses，someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens，Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures，whichhecalled“animalcules”．

Hisobservations，whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon，areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物)．Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletohumaneyes.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater，rainwater，andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells，observedplanttissue，examinedmuscle，andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.

Nearlytwohundredyearslater，LeeuwenhoeksdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”．Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteurstheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax，diphtheria，polio,smallpox，tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoeksoriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy．

Ina1716letter，hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway：“Mywork，whichIvedoneforalongtime，wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy，butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge，whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore，wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable，Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper，sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.”

1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?

A．Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicro