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5.CURRENTTRENDSANDISSUESAnumberoftrendsandissuesarechangingthewaymanagersdotheirjobs.A.Workforcediversity（劳动力多元化）referstoemployeesinorganizationswhoareheterogeneousintermsofgender,race,ethnicityorothercharacteristics.Thechallengeformanagersistomaketheirorganizationsmoreaccommodatingtodiversegroupsofpeoplebyaddressingdifferentlifestyles,familyneeds,andworkstyles.B.ManagerialEthics（伦理）andtheperceiveddeclineinethicalstandardsarereceivingmuchattention.Behaviorsthatoncewerethoughttobedisgraceful,unfortunatelyhavebecometomanybusinesspeople,acceptableornecessarybusinesspractices.C.Stimulatinginnovationandchange创新与变革激励Ithasbecomeacriticalactivityformanagers.Thereexistsanenvironmentinwhichchangeistakingplaceatanunprecedentedpace.Manyofthepastguidelines,createdforamorestableandpredictableworld,nolongerapply.D.Totalqualitymanagement（全面质量管理）isaphilosophyofmanagementthatisdrivenbycustomerneedsandexpectations.(1).TQMwasinspiredbyasmallgroupofqualityexperts,chiefamongthemanAmericannamedW.EdwardsDeming.(2).TQMrepresentsacounterpointtoearliermanagementtheoristswhobelievedthatlowcostsweretheonlyroadtoincreasedproductivity.(3).TheobjectiveofTQMistocreateanorganizationcommittedto致力于continuousimprovement持续改进.E.Re-engineering（流程再造－强调disruptiveimprovement彻底改进）isatermcoinedbyformerMITcomputerscienceprofessor,MichaelHammer,thatreferstoaradicalredesignofallorpartofacompany’sworkprocessestoimproveproductivityandfinancialperformance.(1).It’sanapproachinwhichtraditionalassumptionsandapproachesarequestioned.(2).Theessence本质ofre-engineeringasks,”Howwouldwedesignthisstructureandprocesses流程ifwestartedfromscratch如果我们一切从头开始?”F.Empowerment（授权）isincreasingthedecision-making决策discretion自由度或灵活性ofworkers.Itbuildsonide
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