2024年高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒04【生态环保、自然灾害类】阅读理解9篇+语法填空3篇（原卷版）.docx

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2024-02-12 发布于山东
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2024年高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒04【生态环保、自然灾害类】阅读理解9篇+语法填空3篇（原卷版）.docx

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【生态环保、自然灾害类】话题阅读练习（四）

（阅读理解9篇+语法填空3篇）

Passage1

Ingeneral,therichesofthenaturalworldarentspreadevenlyacrosstheglobe.PlacesliketheTropical.AndesinSouthAmericaaresimplypackedwithuniquespecies,manyofwhichcantbefoundinanyotherplaces.Untilrecently,themainexplanationforthebiologicalrichesconcentratedinplacesliketheAmazonBasinwasthatsuchplacesmustbeenginesofbiodiversity,withnewspeciesevolvingatafasterratethanotherpartsoftheworld.Butnow,newresearchonbirdevolutionmayturnthatassumptiononitshead,insteadsupportingtheideathatareaswithfewerspeciesactuallytendtoproducenewspeciesfaster.

Theresearcherssaythesebiodiversitycoldspotsaregenerallyfoundinenvironmentsfeaturingfreezing,dryandunstableconditions.Thoughtheresearchersfoundtheselocationswithfewbirdspeciestendtoproducenewonesathighrates,theyfailtoaccumulatemanyspeciesbecausetheunstableconditionsfrequentlymakethenewlifeformsdieout.

Themorewell-knownhotspots,bycontrast,haveaccumulatedtheirlargenumbersofspeciesbybeingwarm,hospitableandrelativelystable.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatthecountlessbirdspeciesthatcalltheAmazonhometendtobeolderinevolutionaryterms.NewspeciesdoforminplacesliketheAmazon,justnotasfrequentlyasinthedrygrasslandsintheAndes,saysElizabeth,anevolutionarybiologist.

Theresearchersmanagedtocollect1,940samplesrepresenting1,287ofthe1,306birdspeciesfromSouthAmerica.Theiranalysisshowedthatthebestpredictorofwhetheranareawouldproducenewspeciesatahighratewashowmanyspecieslivedthere,ratherthanclimateorgeographicfeatureslikemountains.Species-richareastendedtoproducenewspeciesmoreslowly.

Maybebadenvironmentsgeneratenewspeciesmorefrequentlybecausethereslesscompetitionandmoreavailableopportunitiesfornewspecies,says