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acidandbases
7.7Acidsandtheirreactions
ThebehaviourofacidTurnsbluelitmusred;HasapHoflessthan7;Producescarbondioxidewhenaddedtoacarbonate,suchasmagnesiumcarbonate.Isneutralisedbyanalkali(suchassodiumhydroxide)orabase(suchasmagnesiumoxide)
Chemistsoftendefineanacidashavingtheabilitytotransferaprotontoanothermoleculeorion.
Hydrochloricacidisatypicalacid.Itisformedbydissolvinghydrogenchloridegasinwater.
HCl(g)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+Cl-(aq)
SaltformationbyacidThereactionofhydrogenchloridewithammonia.
Cottonwoolsoakedinconcentratedammoniasolution,NH3(aq)andconcentratedhydrogenchloridesolution(hydrochloricacid)HCl(aq)areplacedateachendofasealedtube.
HClandNH3moleculesdiffusethroughtheairtowardseachother.Whentheymeet,theyreacttoform?awhitepowdercalledammoniumchloride,NH4Cl.HCl(g)???+????NH3(g)????????????????????NH4Cl(s)
TheringofwhitepowderisclosertotheHClthantheNH3.
ThisisbecausetheNH3moleculesarelighter(smaller)andhavediffusedmorequicklythroughtheairinthetube.
TheproductionofafertilisersaltNH3(aq)+H2SO4(aq)→(NH4)2SO4(aq)Youcanwritetheionicequationbyyourself……
Theformationofsaltswithmetals,metaloxidesandmetalcarbonatesTheReactionofhydrochloricacidwithmagnesium,magnesiumoxideormagnesiumcarbonatehavethesameproduct,magnesiumchloride.Youneedtowritetheformularbyyourself.
Metaloxideswhichdissolveinanacidaretermedbasesastheoxideionsacceptprotons.
StrongandweakacidsStrongacidsarefullydissociatedtoionsinaqueoussolution.Suchashydrochloricacid,nitricandsulphuricacids.
Weakacidsaremoleculeswhichareonlypartiallyionisedinaqueoussolution.Suchasmanyorganicacids.Forexample:CH3COOH(aq)CH3COO-(aq)+H+(aq)Inwater,approximatelyoneinathousandmoleculesofethanoicacidaredissociatedintoions.
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