起垄覆膜栽培方式的效果和发展方向.docVIP

起垄覆膜栽培方式的效果和发展方向

摘要：我国北方水资源短缺限制着农业的可持续发展。作物起垄覆膜栽培可以显着提高产量及水分利用效率。本文从起垄覆膜栽培技术的发展与现状、对几种主要作物的增产效果及其原因、未来发展等几个方面进行了综述,期望为推动起垄覆膜技术的进一步发展、缓解北方水资源紧缺提供指导。作物起垄覆膜栽培是垄作与薄膜覆盖的有机结合,是将地面修整成垄台、地膜覆盖于垄台之上,在双垄之间或双垄之上种植作物的一种栽培方式。其增产原因主要包括:1)提高土壤水的有效性。地膜覆盖抑制地表蒸发,通过集雨、水汽凝结提高土壤含水量。2)调节地温。垄作覆膜能够提高土壤温度,尤其是作物苗期的土壤温度,增加出苗率、成苗率,促进作物生长发育;提高昼温差,降低高温期地温,有利于作物产量的提高。3)改善土壤理化性质,改善土壤结构,调整土壤酶的活性,为作物生长提供良好的土壤环境。起垄覆膜栽培模式在华北地区未来发展方向:提高农机配套、新型无害地膜应用、构建不同作物技术规程。

关键词：起垄覆膜栽培;作物产量;水分利用;增温保湿;技术规程;

Abstract：TheshortageofwaterresourcesinnorthernChinalimitsthesustainabledevelopmentofagriculture.Thecropcultivationtechniqueofridge-furrowwithplasticfilmmulchingcansignificantlyincreasetheyieldandwater-useefficiency.Thispaperreviewedthedevelopmentandcurrentsituationoftechnologyofridge-furrowcultivationwithplasticfilmmulching,discusseditseffectsontheyieldofseveralmajorcropsanditsmechanisms,andproposedthefuturedevelopment.Itwasexpectedtopromotethefurtherdevelopmentofthetechnologyandprovidereferencefortherelevantresearches.Inthetechniqueofridge-furrowcultivationwithplasticfilmmulching,aridgeiscreated,thencoveredwithplasticfilm;cropsareplantedbetweentheridges.Theadvantagesofthistechniquepromotesitsapplication,whichare:1)itimprovestheeffectivenessofsoilwater.Filmmulchingovertheridgeinhibitssurfaceevaporationandincreasessoilwatercontentbycollectingrainwaterandcondensationofsoilwater.2)Itregulatesthegroundtemperature.Ridgemulchingincreasessoiltemperature,especiallyatthecropseedlingstage,increasingemergenceandseedlingrates;italsodecreasessoiltemperatureduringhightemperatureperiod,promotingcropgrowthanddevelopment.3)Itimprovessoilphysicalandchemicalproperties,improvessoilstructure,adjustssoilenzymeactivity,andprovidesagoodsoilenvironmentforcropgrowth.However,themulchingfilmcultiv