高中化学方程式（总）.docxVIP

高中化学方程式一、非金属单质(F?,Cl?,O?,S,N?,P,C,Si,H)1、氧化性：

F?+H?===2HF(阴暗处爆炸)

F?+Xe(过量)==XeF?

2F?(过量)+Xe==XeF?(XeF?是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO?)

nF?+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)

2F?+2H?O===4HF+O?(水是还原剂)

2F?+2NaOH===2NaF+OF?+H?O

F?+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl?

F?+2NaBr===2NaF+Br?

F?+2NaI===2NaF+I?

7F?(过量)+I?===2IF?

F?+Cl?(等体积)===2CIF(CIF属于类卤素：CIF+H?O==HF+HC1O)

3F?(过量)+Cl?===2CIF?(C1F?+3H?O==3HF+HCIO?)

(将H?在Cl?点燃；混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸

Cl?+PCl?△-PCl?Cl?+2Na^-2NaCl

Cl?+2FeCl?===2FeCl?(在水溶液中：Cl?+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3C1)

Cl?+2NaBr===2NaC1+Br?Cl?+2Br~=2CI^+Br?

Cl?+2KI===2KC1+I?CI?+2I=2CI~+I?

3Cl?(过量)+2KI+3H?O===6HCl+KIO?3Cl?+I+3H?O=6H1+6CI+IO?

5Cl?+I?+6H?O===2HIO?+10HCl5Cl?+I?+6H?O=10CI+IO?+12H+

Cl?+Na?S===2NaCl+S↓Cl?+S2-=2CI-+S」

Cl?+H?S===2HCl+S↓(水溶液中：Cl?+H?S=2H++2CI+S↓)

Cl?+SO?+2H?O===H?SO?+2HClCl?+SO?+2H?O=4H?+SO?2~+2CI

Cl?+H?O?===2HCl+O?Cl?+H?O?=2H1+CI~+O?

O?+K===KO?

S(既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取)

S(只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)

(只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)

H?+2Li2LiH

2、还原性

S+6HNO?(浓)一-H?SO?+6NO?↑+2H?O

3S+4HNO?(稀)-3SO?+4NO↑+2H?O

4p常写成P?Os

(X表示F?,Cl?,Br?)

S+4H+6==6NO?↑+2H?O+S0?

3S+4H1+4NO;A-3SO?+4NO↑+2H?O

PX?+X?-A-PXs

C+H?O--CO+H?(生成水煤气)

(SiCl?+2H?===Si(纯)+4HCl)

Si+c高温SiC(金刚砂)

Si+2NaOH+H?O==Na?SiO?+2H?↑(Si+2OH-+H?O=SiO2-+2H?↑)

3、歧化反应

Cl?+H?O=HCl+HClO(加碱或光照促进歧化：(Cl?+H?O=H1+CI+HCIO)

Cl?+2NaOH==NaCl+NaC1O+H?O

Cl?+2Ca(OH)?==CaCl?+Ca(C1O)?+2H?O

3Cl?+6KOH(浓)一5KC+KCIO?+3H?O

3S+6NaOH2Na?S+Na?SO?+3H?O

4P+3KOH(浓)+3H?O==PH?↑+3KH?PO?

(Cl?+2OH=CI+CIO+H?O)

(Cl?+2OH=CI+CIO~+H?O)

(3Cl?+6OH5CI+CIO?~+3H?O)

(3S+6OH2S2+SO?2~+3H?O)

(4P+3OH+3H?O==PH?↑+3H?PO?)

11P+15CuSO?+24H?O==5Cu?P+6H?PO?+15H?SO?

二.金属单质(Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu)的还原性

4Na+O?==2Na?O2Na?O+O?2Na?O?

2Na+S==Na?S(爆炸)

2Na+2H?O==2NaOH+H?↑2Na+2H?O=2Na1+2OH~+H?12Na+2NH?==2NaNH?+H?↑2Na+2NH?=2Na?+2NH?~+H?↑