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U.S.PatentandTrademarkOfficeOFFICEOFTHECHIEFECONOMISTIPDATAHIGHLIGHTSNO.5
SupplementaryMaterial
InventingAI:TracingthediffusionofartificialintelligencewithU.S.patents
ProjectTeam:
AndrewA.Toole,NicholasA.Pairolero,
AlexanderV.Giczy,JamesQ.Forman,JesseFrumkin,DavidB.Orange,AnneThomasHomescu,SteveMelnick,ChristyannPulliam,MatthewSuch,KakaliChaki,EricNilsson,YingYuChen,VincentM.Gonzales,BenM.Rifkin,andChristianHannon
October2020
TheviewsexpressedarethoseoftheindividualauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflectofficialpositionsoftheOfficeoftheChiefEconomistortheU.S.PatentandTrademarkOffice.USPTOEconomicWorkingPapersarepreliminaryresearchbeingsharedinatimelymannerwiththepublicinordertostimulatediscussion,scholarlydebate,andcriticalcomment.FormoreinformationabouttheUSPTO’sOfficeoftheChiefEconomist,visit/economics.
Acknowledgements:TheprojectteamthanksSandyPhetsaenngam,TeresaVerigan,andMelissaHarveyfortheirassistanceinthisreport.
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Contents
TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\uINTRODUCTION 1
BACKROUND 1
Scopeofanalysis 1
Definitionofpatentdocumentandrelatedterms 1
DefinitionofAI 2
Analyticapproach 3
DATACONSTRUCTIONANDDESCRIPTION 4
Overview 4
Patentdocumentdatasetconstruction 5
Patentlandscapeanalyticdataconstruction 7
PATENTLANDSCAPEMETHODOLOGY 10
Generatetrainingsets(step1) 10
Createandtrainclassifiers(step2) 13
Makepredictions(step3) 15
Manualvalidation(step4) 18
FINDINGS:METHODOLOGYANDRESULTS 28
VolumeandshareofAI 28
VolumebyAItechnologycomponent 29
DiffusionofAIacrosstechnologies 31
DiffusionofAIacrossU.S.inventor-patenteesandpatentowners 34
TopU.S.AIpatentowners-at-grant 35
DiffusionofAIacrossgeography 36
ROBUSTNESSANALYSIS 38
AIpredictiondiscriminationthreshold 38
Technologydispersionthreshold 40
APPENDIXI:QU
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