TypesofSemanticChange英语词义的变化方式省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课.pptx

Lexicology

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TypesofSemanticChange

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1：Generalization(词义扩展)

又称：extension

Meaning:Theword“generalization”isatermofLatinoriginreferringtothestretchingofmeaning.“picture”原义词:onlyapainted.扩展后意义:adrawing,aphotographandsoon.“thing”原义词:apoliticalorjudicialassembly.(治会议或审判大会)扩展后意义:asatinganeventuallythismeaningof“matter”.3/24

原义扩展后意义1:bribery给乞丐残羹剩饭行贿；受贿2:economy家庭料理经济3:influence古代星占学家用来指一个从影响强大物质星际降入人间4:holidays专指圣诞节、复活节等节日任何假日5:sanctuary圣所、圣殿避难所、呵护所4/24

2:Specialization(词义缩小)

Meaning:“Specialization”isalsoatermofLatinoriginreferringofmeaning.“deer”原义:animal缩小后意义:deer“artillery”原义:munitionsofwar缩小后意义:mountedguns(军需品)(安装枪)5/24

原义缩小后意义1:hangar棚飞机棚、飞机库2:garage安全地方汽车间3:stink任何一个气味臭气4:poison饮料毒药5:hospital供游者休息娱乐场所医院6/24

ElevationofmeaningDefinition:ElevationreferstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningtopositionofimportanceChange:fromnegativetopositivefromderogatorytoappreciativefromneutraltoappreciativefromunimportanttoimportant7/24

ElevationofmeaningExamplesOriginallyMeaningafterelevationMarshallHorse?servantMinisterCraftsmanapersongoodat?cheatingaworkerinaski