毕业设计(论文)-冷轧带钢厂电镀废水处理设计.doc

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摘要

在本设计中对我国水资源现状、电镀废水处理的必要性、电镀废水处理现状以及在电镀废水处理中存在的问题等问题都进行了初步的探讨，对各种工艺的优缺点进行了详细的比较，并做出了合理的处理流程设计和具体的处理设计。根据对生产废水的水质分析，采用氧化还原、化学沉淀、絮凝沉淀、过滤等工艺处理该废水。

对含铬废水先在酸性条件下投加还原剂将Cr（=6\*ROMANVI）还原成Cr3+,然后加氢氧化钙进行化学沉淀处理。对铜离子，锌离子，镍离子等通过加氢氧化钙调节PH进行中和沉淀处理。同时考虑到金属氢氧化物易形成胶体难以沉淀，为了提高处理效果，工艺在化学沉淀工序后均采用投加PAC、PAM药剂以促进絮凝沉淀作用。处理出水达到《污水综合排放标准》的二级标准的要求。工艺的特点是工艺流程简单，操作简单，能有效地去除各种重金属离子。

关键词：电镀废水；氧化还原；化学沉淀；絮凝沉淀；过滤

Abstract

Wehavepreliminarydiscussedtheproblemofstatusofwaterresourceinourcountry,thenecessityofdisposingelectroplatingwater,theelectroplatingwatertreatmentstatusandtheproblemstodealwiththeelectroplatingwaterinthisdesign.Additionally,carriedoutadetailedcomparisonofvariousprocesses’advantagesanddisadvantages,andmakeareasonabledealwiththetreatmentprocessdesignanddetaileddesign.Basedontheanalysisofwaterqualityofthewastewater,wehavedealtwiththewastewaterbyoxidationandreduction,chemicalprecipitation,flocculationandsedimentation,filtrationandotherprocesses.

Underacidicconditions,wefirstaddedreducingagentintothechromium-containingwastewatertobereducedtoCr（=6\*ROMANVI）fromCr6+,thenaddedcalciumhydroxidetoshifttoprecipitation.RegulatingPHforCu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+byaddingcalciumhydroxideinsedimentationprocessisusualmethods.Consideringthemetalhydroxidesaredifficulttoprecipitateandeasytobecomecolloid,inordertoimprovethetreatmenteffect,weusedosingPAC,PAMflocculationtopromoteflocculationandsedimentationafterchemicalprecipitation.ThewaterthathadbeentreatedreachtheGradeIIstandardofIntegratedWastewaterDischargeStandard.Thecharactersofthetechnologyareeasytooperateandsimpleprocess,andremovevariousheavymetalironseffectively.

Keywords:Electroplatingwastewater;Oxidationandreduction;Chemicalprecipitation;Flocculationandsedimentation;Filtration

绪论

电镀行业是通用性强、使用面广、跨行业、跨部门的重要加工工业和