EAR(估计平均需要量).pptVIP

CHILDHOODNUTRITIONANDFEEDING

DRIsEAR（估计平均需要量）RNI（推荐摄入量）AI（适宜摄入量）UL（可耐受最高摄入量）

NutrientsEnergyProteinLipidCarbohydrateVitaminMineralWaterFoodfiber

1.EnergyBasalmetabolism(55-44-30-25kcal/kg/d)ThermodynamiceffectoffoodPhysicalactivityGrowthExcretionOthersperistalsisinfant7%~8%digestionabsorptionelderchildren5%MentalityandemotionEnvironment

1.EnergyGeneralEnergyNeedsBasalmetabolism50%Physicalactivity25%Growth12%Excretion8%6~12yrsInfant110kcal/kg↓every3yrs10kcal/kg15yrs60kcal/kg

2.ProteinEssentialaminoacidNon-essentialaminoacidRecommendamountbreastmilkGeneralEnergyproportion8%-15%

3.LipidSaturatedfattyacidUnsaturatedfattyLinoleicacid（亚油酸）→Linolenicacid（亚麻酸）→≥1:2n-6n-3GeneralEnergyproportion45-50%25-30%

4.Carbohydrate1yr12g/kg/d2yrs10g/kg/dGeneralEnergyproportion55%-65%

Protein8%~15%Lipid25%~30%Carbohydrate55%~65%GeneralEnergyproportion

5.VitaminVitAVitDVitEVitKVitBVitCFat---solubleWater---soluble

6.MineralMacroelements(0.01%BW)Traceelements(0.01%BW)CaPKNaZnFeCoSe

7.WaterNeonatal80%1yr70%……Adult55%~60%Infant150ml/kgEvery3yrs↓25ml/kg9yr75ml/kgAdult50ml/kg

8.Foodfiberpreventconstipationdegradecholesterol

InfantFeeding

BreastfeedingAlbumin白蛋白↑Casein酪蛋白↓Taurine牛磺酸↑Glutamate谷氨酸↑Advantagesprotein3：2

BreastfeedingFatLong-chainlipidacid↑Unsaturatedfatty↑CarbohydrateLactose↑Bacillusbifidus↑VitaminA/D/E↑

BreastfeedingmineralsCa:P（2：1）--absorptionFe50%absorptionrateZn↑

BreastfeedingSIgA↑Lactoferrin↑Lysozyme↑Bifidus↑Antibody↑ImmunizationBacillus

BreastfeedingNaturalfoodConvenientfeedingRecoveringfromdeliveryBaby-motherattachmentOthers

BreastfeedingElementsofbreastmilkindifferentph