物理学前沿专题最新完整版本.pptVIP

关联长度：ForallT>Tc,asTdecreases,?(T)increases,andforT->Tc,?(T)diverges:Theexponent?isanexampleofcriticalexponents.ForT<Tc,asTincreases,?(T)alsoincreases,anditdivergesforT↑Tc:ForT=Tcwehave?=∞.?(T):Correlationlength?:CorrelationlengthexponentThespin-spincorrelationfunctionLets0andsrbetwospinsonlatticesitesadistancerapart.The(spin-spin)correlationfunctiong(r)isdefinedasWhere<…>isthecanonicalaverage.Withtheaidofg(r)wecandefinethecorrelationlength:Wheredisthedimensionalityofthesystem,and?iscorrelationfunctioncriticalexponent.7.发展历史1873年，范德瓦尔斯提出气液相变理论1925年，Ising提出Ising模型1944年，Onsager精确求解了二维Ising模型1952，LiandYang提出了相变理论1957年，Landau提出相变的平均场理论1971年，K.G.Wilson提出相变的重整化群理论TheIsingModelIntroductionOne-dimensionIsingmodelThetransfermatrixPhasetransitionsThermodynamicpropertiesSpatialcorrelationsTheYang-LitheoryofphasetransitionsTwo-dimensionIsingmodelHighandlowtemperatureexpansionsIntroductionErnstIsing,WilhelmLenz1925Ising(1925):nophasetransitioninone-dimensinIsingsystemforT>0Peierls(1935):Long-rangeorderintwo-dimensiononeatsufficientlylowTWannier(1940):DeterminationofTCin2DIntroductionOnsager(1944):Exactsolutionin2-DIsingmodelIntroductionYang(1952):SpontaneousmagnetizationMontroll(1960):2-DsolutionusingdimermethodOne-dimensionIsingmodelConsidertheIsingmodelHamiltonianwithnearestneighborinteractionsinonedimension:DefineThenthepartitionfunctionforNspinsisFreeboundaryconditionsandH=0ThepartitionfunctionofthesystemcanbewrittenasDefineanewvariable?i=SiSi+1,wherei=1,2,…,N-1,sothatThenwehave**物理学前沿专题孔祥木物理工程学院Outline引言(孔祥木)统计物理及其应用(孔祥木)高能物理探索(邵凤兰)现代宇宙学研究(闫珂柱)量子光学与量子信息(夏云杰王继锁)超导物理(苏希玉)引言物理学框架力学（机械运动）：经典力学,量子力学电动力学（光现象、电磁现象）热力学——热现象的宏观规律统计物理——（多体）热现象的微观规律固体物理：量子力学（经典力学）+统计物理历史上最伟大的10个方程1.毕达哥拉斯定理（勾股定理）2.