世界银行 -减少碳排放的全球激励计划.docx

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PolicyResearchWorkingPaper10759

AGlobalIncentiveSchemetoReduce

CarbonEmissions

SomikV.Lall

WORLDBANKGROUP

DevelopmentEconomics

DevelopmentPolicyTeam

April2024

ReproducibleResearchRepository

Averifiedreproducibilitypackageforthispaperisavailableat,clickherefordirectaccess.

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PolicyResearchWorkingPaper10759

Abstract

Thispaperproposesanobjectivewayofestimatingandallo-cating“differentiated”responsibilitiesforcarbonemissionsacrosscountries.Theseresponsibilitiestranslateintospecificobligationsandincentivesforfutureemissionreductionsandsupportforadaptation,mitigation,anddevelopment.Theproposalsinthispapershouldbeseenasastartingpointforaninformedandproductivedebate.UndertheGlobalCarbonReductionIncentive,everycountrythatemitsmorethanthepercapitaglobalaveragepaysintoaglobalincen-tivefund.Thisannualpaymentwillbecalculatedbasedonthe“excess”emissionspercapita,thecountry’spopulation,andadollaramountcalledtheGlobalCarbonIncentive.Countriesbelowtheglobalpercapitaaveragewouldreceiveapayoutcommensuratewiththeir“under-emission.”The

UnitedStatesandChinaarethetwobiggestemittersand,assumingaGlobalCarbonIncentiveof$10,theyjointlywouldcontributemorethan$70billiontothefund,fromwhichnationssuchasIndia,Nigeria,Pakistan,Bangladesh,andIndonesiawouldbethemajorrecipients.AnimportantadjustmenttotheGlobalCarbonReductionIncentiveistofocusonconsumptionratherthanproduction—acountryshouldnotavoidresponsibilityforthecarbonitconsumesbyoutsourcingproductiontoanothercountry.Thepro-posalconsidersthatcountriesthathaveusedmoreofthecollect