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SCOTLAND1
NorthpartofGreatBritain2
Population:5.2million3regions–Highlands,SouthernUplands,andLowlandsGlasgowisthelargestcityEdinburghisthecapitalcityThesecitiesarejust60kmapart.Bothcitieshavefamousuniversitiesdatingbacktothe15thcentury.3
ScotlandwasnotconqueredbytheRomansRomansbuiltHadrian’swalltokeepoutScottishinvaders.Thewallstillexistsandiswherethecurrentbordernowstands.Anglo-SaxonswerenotabletoconquerScotlandeither,althoughtheydidoccupypartsofsoutheastScotland.ThisiswhyEdinburghhasaGermanicname.6thcentury,ScotsfromnorthernIrelandinvadedthesouthwest.4
TheoriginalCeltswerecalledPicts.TheyretreatedtotheHighlandsaftertheScotinvasion.Thissetupaculturaldividewhichstillexiststoday.SomeareasintheHighlandsstillhavepeoplespeakingGaelicinadditiontoEnglish.Scotlandwasmadeupofsmallkingdoms.VikinginvasionsandwarswithEnglandforcedtheScottishkingtouniteanddefendtheland.ScotlandandEnglandoftenfoughtwars.5
Berwick-on-TweedisinEnglandtoday.Ishaschangedsidesthirteentimesbetweenthetwocountries.1298WilliamWallaceledanuprisingagainstKingEdward.Itwasdefeated.Afewyearslater,RoberttheBrucedefeatedtheEnglishatBannockburn.Thisledto300yearsoffullindependencefromEngland.WhenqueenElizabethdied,JamesVIofScotlandbecameJamesIofEngland.Thecrownswereunited,butthecountriesremainedindependentuntil1707.6
ManyScotsstilldreamforindependence.Inthe17thand18thcenturies,peoplebeganleavingScotlandforAmerica,CanadaandAustralia.TheyprimarilyleftfromtheHighlands.TodaytherearemorepeopleofScottishdescentlivingoutsideScotlandthanthereareScotslivinginScotlandtoday.ScotlandActof1998establishedtheScotlandParliament.Firstelectionswereheldin1999.7
ThewatersoffScotlandintheNorthSeaholdthelargestoilr
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