网络结构与效应原理：第3章 社会网络的结构与关系强度及其在OSN上的体现.ppt

**********社会网络的结构与关系强度

及其在OSN上的体现（第3章）三元闭包，关系的强度及其与网络结构的关系社会网络（社交网络）－socialnetwork，SN在线社交网络－onlinesocialnetwork，OSN但在人类社会体现得最丰富，最多姿多彩人类在社会网络中的行为，是否有生物性的影响因素，如基因？社会网络结构为什么会变化？社会网络结构有什么特性？结构中是否可能隐含社会性含义？1：教练34.：创始人？图1.1JamesM.Henslin,Sociology–Adown-to-earthapproach(11thedition).Pearson,2012Theanalysisofsocialnetworkshasbecomepartofappliedsociology.OneofitssurprisingapplicationswasthecaptureofSaddamHussein.AfterU.S.-ledforcestookoverBaghdad,Husseinwasnowheretobefound.Rumorsplacedhimalloverthemap,fromneighboringcountriestosafehousesinBaghdad.Tofindhim,U.S.intelligenceofficersbegantoapplynetworkanalysis.Onacolor-coded“peoplemap,”theyplacedHussein’sphotoinayellowcircle,likeabull’s-eye.TheythendrewlinkstopeoplewhowereconnectedtoHussein,placingtheirphotosclosertoorfartherfromHussein’sphotoonthebasisofhowclosetheyweretoHussein.ThephotosclosesttoHusseinrepresentedanintimateandloyalgroup.ThesepeoplewerethemostlikelytoknowwhereHusseinwas,butbecauseoftheirclosetiestohim,theyalsoweretheleastlikelytorevealthisinformation.Thosewhowerepicturedslightlyfartherawayknewpeopleinthismoreintimategroup,soitwaslikelythatsomeofthemhadinformationaboutHussein’swhereabouts.Becausethesepeople’ssocialtiestoHusseinwerenotasstrong,theyrepresentedtheweakerlinksthatmightbebroken.Theapproachworked.Usingsoftwareprogramstosiftthroughvastamountsofinformationgainedfrominformantsandelectronicintercepts,theanalystsdrewa“peoplemap”thatpicturedthesesocialrelationships.IdentifyingtheweakerlinksledtoHussein’scapture.社会网络研究的经典小世界三元闭包结构平衡关系强度同质性小世界系统性实验社会资本的网络结构结构洞结构平衡与人际关系社会关系的组织经济行为与社会结构人力资本中的社会资本通过OSN研究社会网络图13.3社会网络研究的经典文献引出的议题网络结构形态Travers-Milgram1969White1970Wasserman1994网络结构性质Granovetter1