孟子与荀子英文版.ppt

中国古典十大名曲汉宫秋月汉宫秋月《汉宫秋月》本是一首琵琶曲，后改编为二胡曲。《汉宫秋月》很可能与《汉宫秋》有一定的关系。而《汉宫秋》是一出元末杂剧，作者是马致远。《汉宫秋》讲的是王昭君和亲出塞的故事。汉宫秋月据《后汉书·南匈奴传》记载：“昭君字嫱，南郡人也。初，元帝时，以良家子选入掖庭。时，呼韩邪来朝，帝敕以宫女五人以赐之。昭君入宫数岁，不得见御，积悲怨，乃请掖庭令求行。呼韩邪临辞大会，帝召五女以示之，昭君丰容靓饰，光明汉宫，顾景斐回，竦动左右。帝见大惊，意欲留之，然难于失信，遂与匈奴。”汉宫秋月李白有诗云：“汉家秦地月，流影照明妃；一上玉关道，天涯去不归。”杜甫显然很同情王昭君，他写下了“千载琵琶作胡语，分明怨恨曲中论。”的诗句。而做为政治家的王安石却从另一个角度看这个问题，他认为昭君出塞不是件坏事，写诗云，“汉恩自浅胡自深，人生乐在相知心”。汉宫秋月宫女之怨是个传统话题。汉乐府中有不少关于宫女之怨的题材，如《玉阶怨》，《昭君怨》，《昭君悲》等。后来甚至形成了专门描述后宫的诗体，名为宫词。唐朝张祜的一首五言绝句《宫词》：“故国三千里，深宫二十年。一声《何满子》，双泪落君前。”5.MenciusMenciusSurname:MengGivenname:KeCourtesyname:ZiyuEnglishname:MenciusSex:maleBirthdate:372—289B.C.ChineseZodiac:cockConstellation:unclearHobbies:reading,debatingProfession:thinkerorphilosopherThreeMovesbyMenciusMotherMenciuslivednearagraveyardinhischildhood.Therefore,asheplayed,heamusedhimselfbyimitatingtheothers’diggingtombs.Hismothersaid,“Itsnotgoodforachildtoliveinthiskindofplace.”Theymovedtoahousenearamarket.Thenthesontookpleasureinimitatingthepeddler’shawking.Againthemothersaid,“Itsnotgoodforachildtolivehere.”Shechangedtheirresidenceasecondtimeandhousedthemselvesnearaschool.Therehersonplayedimitatingthesacrificialritesonceremonyandformalitiesofcourtesy.Themothersaid,“Thisistherightplaceforachild.”Theysettledthere.AfterMengKegrewup,heacquiredsixclassicalartsandbecameascholarwellknownforhiseruditionandoneoftherepresentativesofConfucianism.TheWorksofMenciusTheWorksofMenciusisacollectionofanecdotesabouttheteachingsofMencius,afourth-generationdiscipleofConfucius.ItembodiesthephilosophicalandpoliticalthinkingofMencius,whoalsostressedhumanityandrighteousness,withemphasisonthelatter.WhileConfuciusadvocated“killingoneselfforhumanity”,Menciusencouraged“killingoneselfforrighteousness”.HewasasuccessorofConfuciusandhasbeenca