微生物学微生物学 (3).pptVIP

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2024-05-31 发布于广东
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微生物学微生物学 (3).ppt

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Afterlearningthissection,youshouldbeableto:

?Compareandcontrastactionsofdisinfection,antisepsis,chemotherapy,andsterilization.

Theprinciplesofmicrobialcontrolarerootedinmicrobialnutrition,growth,anddevelopment.Ifyoucanstarveorpoison,orinhibitorpreventgrowthorreplication,youcancontrolmicroorganisms.Ofcourse,itisnotassimpleasthissounds.Subtledifferencesinpopulation,degreeofkilling,andevenwhatisusedtoremovemicroorganismsresultinasomewhatcomplexvocabulary.Terminologyisespeciallyimportantwhenthecontrolofmicroorganismsisdiscussedbecausewordssuchasdisinfectantandantisepticoftenareusedloosely,andasweshallsee,theyhavedifferentmeanings.Thesituationisevenmoreconfusingbecauseaparticulartreatmentcaneitherinhibitgrowthorkill,dependingontheconditions.

MechanismsTherearefourmechanismsforcontrolmicrobes,Disinfection,Sterilization,AntisepsisandChemotherapy.Disinfectionisthedestructionorremovalofvegetativepathogensbutnotbacterialendospores.Usuallyusedonlyoninanimateobjects.Sterilizationisthecompleteremovalordestructionofallviablemicroorganisms.Usedoninanimateobjects.Antisepsis:chemicalsappliedtobodysurfacestodestroyorinhibitvegetativepathogens.Chemotherapy:chemicalsusedinternallytokillorinhibitgrowthofmicroorganismswithinhosttissues.

SterilizationSterilizationistheprocessbywhichalllivingcells,spores,andacellularentities(e.g.,viruses,viroids,andprions)areeitherdestroyedorremovedfromanobjectorhabitat.Asterileobjectistotallyfreeofviablemicroorganisms,spores,andotherinfectiousagents.Whensterilizationisachievedbyachemicalagent,thechemicaliscalledasterilant.

DisinfectionIncontrast,disinfectionisthekilling,inhibition,orremovalofmicroorganismsthatmaycausedisease;disinfectionisthesubstantialreductionofthetotalmicrobial