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张勇先
yxzhang@ruc.edu.cn
Contents
1.Overview
2.BriefTimeline
3.Pronunciation
4.Grammar
5.Vocabulary
6Literature
7.ChanceryStandard
8.GreatVowelShift9.Monarchs
L
Overview
MiddleEnglish[MedievalEnglish]
(1100-150o)
Angles,Saxons,Jutes,Danes,Frisiansl
Romanst
CelticLatin
Celtsl
11th15th17th
centurycenturycentury
CECECE
AmencanEnglishCanadianEnglishAustralianEnglishBritishEnglish
lrishEnglish
ScottishEnglishIndianEnglish
theInternet,
Spanish,AmenidanIndian
Latih.Greek,Freach,Italian
ChaucerShakespeare
Arabic,Persian,Turkish,Hindi,Malay
MiddleEnglishModemEnglish
Normans
Vikings
angloSaxon,
Dagish
Copyright①2003DanielM.Short
Irish,Scottish,Breton,Manx
5th
century
CE
1st
century
CE
ald
Norse
1000(?)BCE
NormanFrench
OldEnglish
Renaissance
Welsh.
Bede
The12thcenturywitnessedarenewedinterestinLatin,Greek,andArabic,whichinturnspawnednumerousEnglishtranslations.
Therewasawidespreadincreaseinliteracy,while
universitieswereestablishedatOxfordandCambridge.
OverviewofMiddleEnglish
ThecoronationofWilliamin1066usheredinanewsocialandlinguisticera.Butthechangeatthetoptookawhiletosinkin,andmanuscriptscontinuedtobewritteninOld
Englishaslateas1100.
Frenchwasrapidlyestablishedasthelanguageofpowerandofficialdom.WilliamappointedFrench-speaking
supporterstoallthekeypositionsofpower,andthiseliteofbarons,abbotsandbishopsretainedclosetieswithitsnativeNormandy.ManyFrenchwordsflowedintothe
Englishlanguage.
FromNormanConquesttoChanceryStandard
FromNormanConquesttoChanceryStandard
ButEnglishcontinuedtobeusedbythemajorityofpeople.WithLatinthelanguageofthechurch
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