新视野第大学英语读写教程2 (第三版) unit 6 课文原文.pdfVIP

Doorcloser,areyou?

1Thenexttimeyouredecidingbetweenrivaoptions,onewhichisprimary

andtheotherwhichissecondary,askyoursefthisquestion:WhatwoudXiang

Yudo?

2XiangYuwasaChineseimperiagenerainthethirdcenturyBCwhotookhis

troopsacrosstheZhangRiveronaraidintoenemyterritory.Tohistroops

astonishment,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsaiingships

burned.

3Heexpainedthathewasimposingonthemanecessityforattainingvictory

overtheiropponents.Whathesaidwassureymotivating,butitwasntreay

appreciatedbymanyofhisoyasodiersastheywatchedtheirvessesgoupin

fames.ButthegeniusofGeneraXiangYusconvictionwoudbevaidatedboth

onthebattefiedandinmodernsociascienceresearch.GeneraXiangYuwasa

rareexceptiontothenorm,aveteraneaderwhowashighyrespectedforhis

manyconquestsandwhoachievedthesummitofsuccess.

4HeisfeaturedinDan

Arieysenighteningnewpubication,PredictabyIrrationa,a

fascinatinginvestigationofseemingyirrationahumanbehavior,suchasthe

tendencyforkeepingmutipeoptionsopen.Mostpeopecantmarshathewi

forpainfuchoices,notevenstudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnoogy

(MIT),whereDr.Arieyteachesbehavioraeconomics.Inanexperimentthat

investigateddecision-making,hundredsofstudentscoudntbeartoettheir

optionsvanish,eventhoughitwasceartheywoudprofitfromdoingso.

5Theexperimentrevovedaroundagamethateiminatedtheexcuseswe

usuayhaveforrefusingtoetgo.Inthereaword,wecanawayssay,Itsgood

topreserveouroptions.Wantagoodexampe?Ateenagerisexhaustedfrom

soccer,baet,piano,andChineseessons,butherparentswontstopanyoneof

thembecausetheymightcomeinhandysomeday!

6Intheexperimentsessions,studentspayedacomputergamethatprovided

cas