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791pH
Forcompendialpurposes,pHisdefinedasthevaluegivenbyasuitable,properly
standardized,potentiometricinstrument(pHmeter)capableofreproducingpHvaluesto
0.02pHunitusinganindicatorelectrodesensitivetohydrogen-ionactivity,theglass
electrode,andasuitablereferenceelectrode.Theinstrumentshouldbecapableof
sensingthepotentialacrosstheelectrodepairand,forpHstandardizationpurposes,
applyinganadjustablepotentialtothecircuitbymanipulationof―standardization,‖
―zero,‖―asymmetry,‖or―calibration‖control,andshouldbeabletocontrolthechangein
millivoltsperunitchangeinpHreadingthrougha―temperature‖and/or―slope‖control.
Measurementsaremadeat25±2,unlessotherwisespecifiedintheindividual
monographorherein.
ThepHscaleisdefinedbytheequation:
pH=pHs+(E–ES)/k
inwhichEandEarethemeasuredpotentialswherethegalvaniccellcontainsthe
S
solutionundertest,representedbypH,andtheappropriateBufferSolutionfor
Standardization,representedbypHs,respectively.Thevalueofkisthechangein
potentialperunitchangeinpHandistheoretically[0.05916+0.000198(t–25)]voltsat
anytemperaturet.
ItshouldbeemphasizedthatthedefinitionsofpH,thepHscale,andthevaluesassigned
totheBufferSolutionsforStandardizationareforthepurposeofestablishingapractical,
operationalsystemsothatresultsmaybecomparedbetweenlaboratories.ThepH
valuesthusmeasureddonotcorrespondexactlytothoseobtainedbythedefinition,pH
=–logaH+.Solongasthesolutionbeingmeasuredissufficientlysimilarincomposition
tothebufferusedforstandardization,theoperationalpHcorrespondsfairlycloselyto
thet
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