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TheConservativeReactiontotheEnlightenmentandBirthofSociologyLecture2
TheEnlightenment:TakeAwaysBeliefthatnatureandsocietyoperatedaccordingtoitsownlaws–nodivineintervention.?Peoplehave‘inalienable‘humanrightsSocialordercomesfromasocialcontract
*PrivatepropertyandindividuallibertyButcontradictions–slavery,gender,appealstothoseinpowerThomasHobbesandjeanJacquesRousseau
FrenchRevolution1789Impact*200,000peoplejoinedUnitedIrishmenandstagerevoltHaiti:aRevoltagainstslaveryThomasPaine’sbookonRightsofMansells100,000copiues
DangerousideasspreadArevolutionarysongfromWexfordWhathaveyougotinyourhand?AGreenBoughWherediditgrow?InAmerica?Wherediditbud?InFranceWhereareyougoingtoplantit?InthecrownofGreatBritainSongoftheUnitedIrishmen1798
ReactionConservativeshadtorespondtothegreatsubversiveideasoftheEnlightenment-andtheydid.TheConservativeReaction:*inFranceLouisdeBonald(1754–1830)JosephdeMaistre(1754–1821)InBritain/IrelandEdmundBurke(1729-1797)
EdmundBurke(1729-1797)BornDublinOriginallyaliberalwhoopposedcoercionofUScoloniesandactivitiesofEastIndiaCompany.ReactsagainstliberalsupportforFrenchRevolutionWritesReflectionsontheRevolutioninFrance(1790)‘FatherofConservatism’
1.NoHumanRights–FreeBornEnglishmen‘Ourliberties’comefromourheritage‘anentailedinheritancederivedtousfromourforefathers,andtobetransmittedtoourposterityasanestatebelongingtothepeopleofthiskingdomwithoutanyreferencewhatevertoanymoregeneralorpriorright’
2.AgainstIndividualismAnti-IndividualismAgainsttalkofindividualexpressionand‘privacy’.Culturereflectsthemoraltraditionofsociety.Individualsmustbesurroundedby‘community’becauseweareweak
3.Anti-HumanismHumanism=aviewpointthatstressesthestrengthorbeautyofhumanbeings.OnethatchallengesideasofOriginal
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