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OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment
DAF/COMP/WD(2023)50
UnclassifiedEnglish-Or.English
13June2023
DIRECTORATEFORFINANCIALANDENTERPRISEAFFAIRSCOMPETITIONCOMMITTEE
TheoriesofHarmforDigitalMergers-NotebytheUnitedStates
16June2023
ThisdocumentreproducesawrittencontributionfromtheUnitedStatessubmittedforItem8ofthe140thOECDCompetitionCommitteemeetingon14-16June2023.
Moredocumentsrelatedtothisdiscussioncanbefoundat
/competition/theories-of-harm-for-digital-mergers.htm
AntonioCAPOBIANCO
Antonio.Capobianco@,+(33-1)45249808
JThisdocument,aswellasanydataandmapincludedherein,arewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.
2IDAF/COMP/WD(2023)50
THEORIESOFHARMFORDIGITALMERGERS–NOTEBYTHEUNITEDSTATES
Unclassified
UnitedStates
1.Introduction
1.Severalaspectsofcontemporarydigitaltechnologieshaveresultedinmarketdynamicsandbusinessstrategiesthatmeritparticularattentionforantitrustenforcers.Forexample,lowmarginalproductioncostshaveenableddigitalfirmstogrowlargerandmorequicklythanmanyconventionalbusinesses.Networkeffectsandhighentrybarriersinsomemarketsmayleadcertainmarketsto“tip”towardsafewpowerfulfirmswhilealsoservingtoprotectincumbents.Meanwhile,networkeffectsstemmingfromthecollectionanduseoflargeamountsofdataprovideadvantagestoearlymovers,whichincentivizefirmstoprioritizeexpandingandquicklysecuringalargeuserbase.Further,theabilitytodigitallytrackandsurveilusershasenabledfirmstoofferzero-priceservicestoconsumerswhilemonetizingtheirdata.Thosefirmscanthendeploysurveillancetechniqu
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