《大学物理简明教程》 课件 英文 16-5 Electromagnetic Wave.pptx

MaxwellsEquationsandElectromagneticWaveselectromagneticwavecomesfromelectromagneticinductionElectricfieldMagneticfield

?MaxwellsEquations#1Divergence

Divergenceofmagneticfluxdensityisalwayszero#2

curlofEfield#3

Currentinducesmagneticfield?Amperecircuitaltheorem?#4currentdensity

?equivalenttocurrent!#4

JamesClerkMaxwell(1831–1879)MaxwellsEquationsDifferentialequationsinvacuum(μ0,ε0)Alsointegralequations,andequationswithdielectricsandmagneticmaterials(μ,ε)

Withoutfreechargeorcurrent

butSubstitutingfor,wehave:

Usingtheidentity,?becomes:?Ifwenowassumezerochargedensity:ρ=0,thenandwe’releftwiththeWaveEquation!???Identity:??

Recall:wavefunctionofmechanicalwavewaveequation:E-fieldinspace:So,Efieldisawave?IfwedothesamethingforBfield,italsocanbeawave.wavespeed?

c=299,792,458m/sInvacuum,thewavespeed?

Electromagneticwave=SolutionofMaxwellequationsDifferentialequationsBoundarycondition+SourceofelectromagneticwaveOscillationofElectricfield

??OutgoingelectromagneticwaveAngularfrequency:thesameasthesource-?

“open”capacitor

Antenna–producingreceivingelectromagneticwaveFarfromtheantennaEnhancingtheefficiencyofgeneratingEMwaveEnlargetheE-fieldareaMaximizethecurrentinthecircuitResonanceinL-Ccircuit

Hertzexperiment(1887)OneofHertzsradiowavereceivers:aloopantennawithanadjustable?micrometersparkgap(bottom)

ReceivingtheelectromagneticwaveVaryingE-fieldastheACvoltagesourceMaximumcurrentResonantfrequencyinL-Ccircuit

Onlythesignalofthisfrequencyactuallycontributesthecurrent

ToreceiveAMradio,youwantanRLCcircuitthatcanbemadetoresonateatanyfrequencybetween500and1650kHz.Thisisaccomplishedwithafixed1.00μHinductorconnectedtoavariablecapacitor.Whatrangeofcapacitanceisneeded?Theresonancefrequencyis:Theinductanceis:Thecapacit