《大学物理简明教程》 课件 英文 16-3 RLC Circuit.pptx

RLCcircuit-ImpedanceZistheimpedance-combinedeffectofallcomponents

xPhasor-arotatingvectoryPPx?A?o{???simpleharmonicoscillation

????????

????PhasedifferenceThephasedifferencebetweentwophasorswon’tchangeduringtherotation,iftheyhavethesamefrequency.

Phasorshavingsameangularfrequencyx-componentsvaryingatsamefrequency?vectorsumofthephasorssumoftheoscillations

Complexnumber??orj,unitimaginarynumberAcomplexnumber:aandbarerealnumbersrealpartimaginarypartEuler’sFormula?Acomplexnumber:?

ImaginarypartRealpartrotatingphaseangleoscillatingrealpartangularspeed?angularfrequency????The“physics”expressionofsimpleharmonicoscillation

WecanexpressvoltageandcurrentinanACcircuitasvectors(phasors)inthecomplexplaneAmplitudePhaseThevaryingvoltage/currentarerepresentedbytherealpartsofrotatingvectors

ThephaseofthevoltageandthecurrentarethesameSimpleresistorcircuit

Inductors:thevoltageleadsthecurrentbyπ/2inductivereactance:

Inductor

Capacitors:thevoltagelagsthecurrentbyπ/2capacitivereactance:

Capacitors??or

Thephasorsofseveralcomponentsinseries?voltagescurrentsincommonVCVRVLV=VR+VC+VLVvectorsumofthephasors

RCCircuitsVC=VR=??

VR=IRRC?Lasttime,wehadtosolveadifferentialequationThesameresultbyusingphasors

PhasedifferenceinRCCircuitsThephaseanglebetweenthevoltageandthecurrentThesameastheresultofsolvingdifferentialequation

Thepowerinthecircuitisgivenby:???Itis1forpurelyresistivecircuitItis0forpurelycapacitive/inductivecircuit

=3.125???????(b)(c)(a)

LRCircuitsThepowerfactoris:

Currentsinresistors,capacitors,andinductorsasafunctionoffrequency:

TheRLCcircuit

Thecurrentisthesameeverywhere??

ImpedanceoftheRLCcircuitPhasebetweenIandV:Thepowerfactor:?positive?:VleadsIOr

=0PowerintheACcircuit

Thisisthe“Powerfactor”ForRLCcircuit

40Ω5μF3mHImpedanc