《大学物理简明教程》 课件 英文 14-2 Magnetism and Electric Current.pptx

《大学物理简明教程》 课件 英文 14-2 Magnetism and Electric Current.pptx

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MagneticfieldFieldlineMagneticfieldgeneratedbyelectriccurrentTheeffectofmagneticfieldonmovingchargesandcurrentHalleffectElectricmotorsMagneticmaterials

HansChristian?rsted(1820)Anelectriccurrentinducesamagneticfield

righthandrule

Magneticfieldproducedbyacurrent:Ampere’slawpermeabilityoffreespacelong,straightwire?r

HowmuchcurrentisneededtoproduceamagneticfieldequaltothatoftheEarth,at2cmfromalongwire?2cmEarth’smagneticfield:B=5x10-5Tr=2x10-2m?

Magneticfieldfromacircularcurrentloopallelementsofwireproduceafieldatthecenter:forNloops:

Solenoid:manyloopsofwirealongoneaxisThemagneticfieldisalmostuniforminside:nisthenumberofturnsperunitoflength

WhatisthefieldBinside?2mcurrent=1600A2000loops1000loops/mverylargecurrent!

Awirecarryingelectriccurrentwillexertaforceonanotherwirecarryingelectriccurrent!2.Amovingchargeinamagneticfieldwillbesubjecttoamagneticforce1.AnelectriccurrentproducesamagneticfieldAnelectriccurrentismadeofmovingcharges?

magneticforceonWire2fromaparallelwire(Wire1)forceperunitlengthlF2

currentsinthesamedirectionattractiveforcecurrentsinoppositedirectionsrepulsiveforce

OfficialdefinitionoftheAmpereTheampereisthatconstantcurrentwhich,ifmaintainedintwostraightparallelconductorsofinfinitelength,ofnegligiblecircularcrosssection,andplaced1meterapartinvacuum,wouldproducebetweentheseconductorsaforceequalto2x10-7newtonpermeteroflength.

Wheredoesmagnetismcomefrom?comesfromelectriccurrentFrommovingchargesMovingelectronsinatoms

Magneticfieldfromacircularcurrentloopatthecenter:

movingcharge=electriccurrentcircularmotion=currentloop??chargeontheparticleperiodofthecircularmotionatthecenter:?rWhatisthemagneticfieldatthenucleusduetothemovingelectroninahydrogenatomatitsgrou

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