低熔点合金因相对较而得名此类主要金属有铅锌锡及其试卷试题号桌.pdfVIP

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Low-meltingalloysaresonamedbecauseoftheirrelativelylowmeltingpoints.Themajor

metalsinthiscategoryarelead,zinc,andtinandtheiralloys.

Lead(Pb)haspropertiesofhighdensity,resistancetocorrosion(byvirtueofthestablelead-

oxidelayerthatfromtoprotectthesurface),softness,lowstrength,ductility,andgoodworkability.

Leadisalsousedfordampingsoundandvibrations,inradiationshieldingagainstx-rays,in

ammunition,asweights,andinthechemicalindustry.Anadditionaluseofleadisasasolidlubricant

forhot-metalformingoperations.Becauseofitstoxicity,however,environmentalcontamination

bylead(causingleadpoisoning)isamajorconcern.

Zinc(Zn),blush-whiteincolor,isthemetalfourthmostutilizedindustrially,comingafteriron,

aluminum,andcopper.Zincisalsousedasalloyingelement.Brass,forexample,isanalloyof

copperandzinc.Majoralloyingelementsinzinc-basedalloysarealuminum,copper,and

magnesium.Zinc-basedalloysareusedextensivelyindiecasting,formakingsuchproductsasfuel

pumpsandgrillsforautomobiles,componentsforhouseholdappliancessuchasvacuumcleaners,

washingmachines,andkitchenequipment,andvariousmachinerypartsandphotoengraving

equipment.

Althoughusedinsmallamounts,tin(Sn)isanimportantmetal.Themostextensiveuseoftin,

asilvery-white,lustrousmetal,isasaprotectivecoatingonthesteelsheet(tinplate)thatisusedin

makingcontainers(tinecans)forfoodandforvariousotherproducts.Unalloyedtinisusedinsuch

applicationsasliningmaterialforwaterdistillationplantsandasamoltenlayerofmetaloverwhich

plateglass(floatglass)ismade.Tin-basedalloys(alsocalledwhitemetals)generallycontaincopper,

antimony,andlead.Th