《大学物理简明教程》 课件 英文 6-2 Rotational dynamics.pptx

DisplacementVelocityAccelerationForceMassLinearKineticEnergyMomentumAnglechangeAngularVelocityAngularAccelerationMomentofForce(Torque)MomentofinertiaRotationalKineticEnergyAngularMomentumFormotioninacircle,thereareangularequivalentsforthequantitiesforlinearmotion.LinearCircularCircularMotionvsLinearMotion

dF??????F???massaccelerationangularacceleration

Massmr???angularacceleration??momentofinertia(I)?forapointmassdoingcircularmotion?forrotatingobjects??????????o

?MomentofInertia??TheSIunitofmomentofinertiaiskgm2orNewton’s2ndlawinrotationThemomentofinertiaofarotatingobjectdependsbothonthemassandthegeometry(size,shape,rotationalaxis,…)Itdependsonhowmassisdistributedinspace,soitalsodependsonwhichaxistheobjectrotatesaround.I=mr2rI=?mr2r

Example:MomentofInertiaofauniformrigidrod??I=?dHowaboutiftheaxisisatoneendoftherod??

ringrodroddisksolidcylindersolidspheresphericalshellMomentofInertia

b)? =I?

(soliddisc,I=?mr2)

=0.5×100×0.52×?/30

=5?/12

=1.31NmAmotorisattachedtoa100kg,1mdiametersoliddiscflywheel.Themotorspinstheflywheelfromrestto600rpmin10minutes.Find:Theangularacceleration.Thetorqueexertedbythemotor.Ifthetorqueisfromthebeltattherimoftheflywheel,whatisthefrictionalforcebetweenthebeltandtheflywheel?Example?c)? =fr

f=?/r

f=1.31/0.5

=2.62N

ii.W=?θ=1.31×6000?=2.47×104JAmotorisattachedtoa100kg,1mdiametersoliddiscflywheel.Themotorspinstheflywheelfromrestto600rpmin10minutes.Find:d)Theworkdonebythemotorinspinninguptheflywheel.e)Thekineticenergyoftheflywheel.e)Work=gaininrotationalenergy=2.47×104J?

?RotationalkineticEnergyW=?θTheworkdonebyatorqueispositiveif?andθareinthesamedirectionnegativeif?andθareinoppositedirectionsRotationalkineticen