《大学物理简明教程》 课件 英文 5-2 Gravity.pptx

Gravity

UniversalLawofGravitationGravitationalpotentialenergyOrbitalmotion

Newton’sTheoryofGravityAttractiveforcebetweentwobodiesXFF

UniversalLawofGravitationUniversalGravitationalconstantG=6.67408x10-11m3kg-1s-2(orNm2kg-2)Themagnitudeofthegravitationalforceoftwopoint-likesmallbodies,m1andm2is:?r

ExampleEstimatethegravitationalforceofattractionbetweentwostudentssittingnexttoeachother.(Gravitationalconstant;G=6.67x10-11Nm2kg-2)Assumethemassofeachstudenttobem=60kg(m1=m2)Assumetwostudentsaresitting0.5mapartinclassroom??Smallbutmeasurable

ThegravityoftheEarthForabodywithsphericalsymmetry,suchastheEarth,allthemasscanberegardedtobeatthecentreofmass,whencalculatingthegravitationalforce.F?MEmREMEmRE?ME=5.97×102?kgm=60kgRE=6.37×106mG=6.67x10-11m3kg-1s-2??

GravityatSurfaceofEarth?Forearthsurface:MassoftheEarthME=5.9722x1024kgRadiusoftheEarth,RE=6371km???ms-2?GravitynotexactlythesameonthesurfaceofEarth?gravitationalfieldstrength

ExampleThemassoftheMoonis7.35x1022kgandtheradiusoftheMoonis1740km.WhatisgonthesurfaceoftheMoon,gMoon?Howdoesyourmasschangeonthemoon?Howdoesyourweightchangeonthemoon?Themassofanobjectremainsthesamewherevertheyareintheuniverse,soyourmassisthesameonMoonasonEarth.Weightisthegravitationalforce(F=mg).WeightonMoonissmallerthanweightonEarthbecausegissmalleronMoon.

SupposetheEarthisstationary.WhatisthepotentialenergyofanobjectadistancerawayfromthecenterofEarth?GravitationalpotentialenergymMrLet’smovetheobjecttoinfinitelyfaraway.Theworkdonebythegravitationalforceis:?F???Negativework=increaseofpotentialenergy

GravitationalpotentialenergymMr?Usuallywesetthepotentialenergyatinfinitelyfarawaytobezerom??r?0RE

Example-PointofZeroGravityAtacertainpoin