被动语态定义).docVIP

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主动语态

被动语态

一般现在时

①am\is\are②do/does(V.\V.s)

am\is\are+done(V.p.p)

一般将来时

will\begoingto\be(about)to+do(V.)

will+be+done(V.p.p)

一般过去时

①was\were②did(V.-ed)

was\were+done(V.p.p)

现在进行时

am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)

am\is\are+being+done(V.p.p)

过去进行时

was\were+doing(V.-ing)

was\were+being+done(V.p.p)

现在完成时

have\has+done(V.p.p.)

have\has+been+done(V.p.p)

过去完成时

had+done(V.p.p.)

had+been+done(V.p.p.)

情态动词

情态动词+V.

情态动词+be+done(V.p.p.)

过去将来时

would/should+V.

would/shouldbe+done(V.p.p.)

1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词):

appear,die(死亡),disappear(消失),end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand

breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.

比较:rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。

(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.

(对)Thepricehasrisen.

(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.

(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

(错)Thepricehasraised.

(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.

(错)Pleaseseat.

(对)Pleasebeseated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto

Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.

3)系动词无被动语态(keep除外):

appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn

Itsoundsgood.

4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态:

die,death,dream,live,life

Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.

5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对)Shelikestoswim.

(错)Toswimislikedbyher.[1]

一般用法

1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

Iamaskedtostudyhardbymymother.

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Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.

2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词

Thenewshopwasbuiltlastyear.

Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.

3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has/have+