高中化学方程式总结48661.docx

金属

一、碱金属1.钠

Na

4Na+O＝2NaO

2NaOH+Cl＝NaCl+NaClO+HO

2 2

NaOH+HCl＝NaCl+HO

2

2 2

2Na+O 点燃NaO

3NaOH+AlCl＝Al(OH)↓+3NaCl

3 3

2 22

Cl+2Na点燃2NaCl

2

2Na+2HO＝2NaOH+H↑

2 2

4Na+TiCl(熔融)＝4NaCl+Ti

4

NaOH+Al(OH)＝NaAlO+2HO

3 2 2

NaAlO

2

2NaAlO+CO+3HO＝2Al(OH)↓+NaCO

2 2 2 3 2 3

3NaAlO+AlCl+6HO＝4Al(OH)↓

NaO

2 3 2 3

2 NaCO、NaHCO

2 3 3

NaO+HO＝2NaOH

2 2

2NaO+O △2NaO

NaCO+SiO 高温NaSiO+CO

2 3 2 2 3 2

2 2 22

NaCO+HCl＝NaHCO+NaCl

NaO+SO＝NaSO

2 3 3

2 3 2 4

NaHCO+HCl＝NaCl+HO+CO

NaO+CO＝NaCO

2 2 2 3

3 2 2

3NaCO+2AlCl+3HO＝2Al(OH)↓+3CO↑+6NaCl

NaO+2HCl＝2NaCl+HO

2 3 3 2 3 2

2 2 3NaCO+2FeCl+3HO＝2Fe(OH)↓+3CO↑+6NaCl

2NaO+2HO＝4NaOH+O↑(此反应分两步NaO+2HO

2 3 3 2 3 2

22 2 2

22 2

3NaHCO+AlCl＝Al(OH)↓+3CO↑

＝2NaOH+HO；2HO＝2HO+O↑。HO

的制备可利

3 3 3 2

22 22 2 2 22

用类似的反应)

3NaHCO+FeCl＝Fe(OH)↓+3CO↑

3 3 3 2

2NaO+2CO＝2NaCO+O

NaHCO+HCl＝NaCl+CO↑+HO

3

22 2

2 2

2 3 2

NaO+HSO(冷、稀)＝NaSO+HO

2NaHCO △

NaCO+CO↑+HO

22 2 4

2 4 22

3 2 3 2 2

NaOH

3NaCO+2Br+HO＝2NaHCO+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO↑

2 3 2 2 3 2

2NaOH+Si+HO＝NaSiO+2H↑

2 2 3 2

6NaOH+3S△2NaS+NaSO+3HO

2 2 3 2

2NaOH+2Al+2HO＝2NaAlO+3H↑

NaHCO+Br＝NaBr+HBrO+CO↑

3 2 2

钾KOH

2 2 2

2NaOH(过量)+CO＝NaCO+HO

2 2 3 2

NaOH+CO(过量)＝NaHCO

2 3

2KOH+CO＝KCO+HO

2 2 3 2

KOH+CO＝KHCO

2 3

KCO

2NaOH+SiO＝NaSiO+HO（常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻 2 3

2 2 3 2

璃）

KCO+2HCl＝2KCl+CO↑+HO

2 3 2 2

2NaOH+AlO＝2NaAlO+HO

23 2 2

KCO+CaCl＝CaCO↓+2KC

2 3 2 3

KCO+2AgNO＝AgCO↓+2KNO KAl(SO)+2Ba(OH)＝KAlO+2BaSO↓

2 3 3 2 3 3 42 2 2 4

KHCO

3

KHCO+HCl＝KCl+CO↑+HO

3 2 2

2KHCO △KCO+CO↑+HO

3 2 3 2 2

KClO

3

△

KSCN

3KSCN+FeCl＝Fe(SCN)+3KCl

3 3

锂

LiO

2

LiO+CO＝LiCO

2KClO

2KCl+3O↑

2 2 2 3

3 2

LiO+HO＝2LiOH

KClO+6HCl＝KCl+3Cl↑+3HO 2 2

3 2 2

LiOH

KClO+5KCl+3HSO＝3Cl↑+3KSO+3HO

3 2 4

2 2 4 2

2LiOH+CO＝LiCO↓+HO

2 2 3 2

KI

LiOH+CO＝LiHCO

2KI+Cl＝2KCl+I

2 3

LiCO

2 2

2 3

KI+AgNO＝AgI↓+KNO

LiCO+2HCl＝2LiCl+CO↑+HO

3 3

2 3 2 2

KAl(SO)

42

2KAl(SO