英语期末考试整理.pdfVIP

1.管辖

归州管辖

Thiscaseisaboutcriminalmatter(contractmatter/torts/familylawissues/education

issues),andthismatterbelongtothesovereigntyofthestatecourtsystem.Certainpowers

reservetothestate,certainpowerreservetothefederal.Statemattersincludecriminal,torts,

contract,familylawissues,educationissues.Thesemattersallbelongtothesovereigntyof

states.

Thestatescourtsheartheoverwhelmingmajorityofcriminalandcivilcases.Statetrial

courtsinitiallyhearcivilandcriminalcases.(州法院管辖大部分)

Alongwithcertainfederalcrimes(suchasterrorismordrugtraffickingacrossstatelines),

federalcourtshearnon-criminalorcivilcasesonlyiftheyarepremisedonaquestionaboutthe

meaningofafederalstatuteorapplicationoftheconstitution;ifthepartiesarecitizensfrom

differentstate,orifoneisacitizenofaforeigncountry,andmorethan$7500isatstake;orifthe

federalgovernmentitselfisapartytoasuit.Inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheconstitution,

thefederalcourtshavejurisdictiononlywhentheyareconferredonbylaw.（法律有规定的才归

联邦法院管辖）

Thetrialcourtsaretheentrylevelcourtswherecasesarefirstfiled.Theappellatecourtsare

thesecondlevelofcourts.Apartywholosesatthetrialcourtlevelmayappealthejudgmentto

theappellatecourt.TheSupremeCourt’sjurisdictionlimitedtothatstate’sappealscourts.The

supremecourtsarethehighestandfinalcourts.Theonlyexceptiontothisruleoffinalityiswhen

astateSupremeCourtopinioninterpretsthemeaningofafederallaworthefederalconstitution.

TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt,asthefinalauthorityonthemeaningoffederallaw,may

acceptanappealofsuchdecision.(州法院间的流转)

又因为上诉，涉及到宪法权利，比如修正案4，6，所以归联邦管辖。

Butthedefendantw