托福听力tpo57 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文.pdfVIP

托福听力tpo57lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文

Lecture11

原文1

题目3

答案5

译文5

Lecture27

原文7

题目9

答案11

译文11

Lecture313

原文13

题目15

答案17

译文17

Lecture1

原文

NARRATOR:Listentopartofalectureinatheaterhistoryclass.Theclassisdiscussing

18th-centuryplaysinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.

MALEPROFESSOR:Byfarthemostpopulargenreofplaysduringthe18thcentury

wasthesentimentalcomedy.Now,inordertosortofgetourheadsaroundwhata

sentimentalcomedyis,whereitcamefrom,andwhyonearthitwassopopular,we

needtounderstandwhatsentimentalitywas,asaphilosophicalmovement.So,uh,

duringthe18thcentury,somethinkers,uh,philosophers,politicaltheoristsuhcame

upwiththisideaofsentimentality.Themainpointinsentimentalityisthat-that

peopleareinherentlygood,peoplearegoodbynature.Inthepast,inothertimes,

somepeoplehadbelievedorclaimedthatmenandwomenarenaturallyselfish,or

naturallyevil;duringtheseventeenthcenturytherewasaverypopulartheory,

knownas-asthe“socialcontract,”setoutbythinkerslikeThomasHobbes,which

arguedthatpeoplearenaturallyselfish….Eh,duringtheeighteenthcentury,onthe

otherhand,ehthinkersassociatedwithsentimentalitycamealongandsaidno,no,

no,peoplearenaturallygood.Yes,Diane,question?

FEMALESTUDENT:Yeah,sorrytointerrupt,but…whywasitcalled—thatfirstone,uh,

the“socialcontract”—whywasitcalledthat?Imean,ifpeoplearesupposedtobe

naturallyselfish,isn’tthattheoppositeofbeingsocial?

MALEPROFESSOR:Uh.theemphasiswasmoreonthecontractpart.Ifpeopleare

naturallyinclinedtodowhat’sintheirownself-interest,then,inordertohave

peoplelivingtogetherinpeace,you-youneededtodevelopsomekindofasocial

contract,asortofagreement—Iwon’thityouovertheheadandtakeyourstuffif

you