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14.1MultipleIntegrals
DEFINITEINTEGRAL—REVIEWIff(x)isdefinedfora≤x≤b,westartbydividingtheinterval[a,b]intonsubintervals[xi–1,xi]ofequalwidth?x=(b–a)/n.Wechoosesamplepointsxi*inthesesubintervals.Then,weformtheRiemannsum
DEFINITEINTEGRAL—REVIEWThen,wetakethelimitofsuchsumsas
n→∞toobtainthedefiniteintegraloff
fromatob:Equation2
VOLUMESInasimilarmanner,weconsiderafunctionfoftwovariablesdefinedonaclosedrectangleR=[a,b]x[c,d] ={(x,y)?R2|a≤x≤b,c≤y≤dandwefirstsupposethatf(x,y)≥0.Thegraphoffisasurfacewithequationz=f(x,y).
VOLUMESLetSbethesolidthatliesaboveRand
underthegraphoff,thatis, S={(x,y,z)?R3|0≤z≤f(x,y),(x,y)?R}Ourgoalistofind
thevolumeofS.
VOLUMESThefirststepistodividetherectangleRintosubrectangles.Wedividetheinterval[a,b]intomsubintervals
[xi–1,xi]ofequalwidth?x=(b–a)/m.Then,wedivide[c,d]intonsubintervals[yj–1,yj]
ofequalwidth?y=(d–c)/n.
VOLUMESNext,wedrawlinesparalleltothecoordinateaxesthroughtheendpointsofthesesubintervals.Thus,weformthesubrectangles
Rij=[xi–1,xi]x[yj–1,yj]
={(x,y)|xi–1≤x≤xi,yj–1≤y≤yj}eachwith
area?A=?x?yLet’schooseasamplepoint(xij*,yij*)ineachRij.
VOLUMESThen,wecanapproximatethepartofS
thatliesaboveeachRijbyathinrectangularbox(or“column”)
with:BaseRijHeightf(xij*,yij*)
VOLUMESThevolumeofthisboxistheheightoftheboxtimestheareaofthebaserectangle:f(xij*,yij*)?A
VOLUMESThus,wegetanapproximationtothetotalvolumeofS:Equation3
VOLUMESOurintuitiontellsusthattheapproximationgiveninEquation3esbetteras
mandnelarger.So,wewouldexpectthat:Equation4
DOUBLEINTEGRALThedoubleintegraloffovertherectangleR
is:ifthislimitexists.Afunctionfiscalledintegrableifthelimit
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