多重积分definite integraleview高数calc 14.pptx

多重积分definite integraleview高数calc 14.pptx

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14.1MultipleIntegrals

DEFINITEINTEGRAL—REVIEWIff(x)isdefinedfora≤x≤b,westartbydividingtheinterval[a,b]intonsubintervals[xi–1,xi]ofequalwidth?x=(b–a)/n.Wechoosesamplepointsxi*inthesesubintervals.Then,weformtheRiemannsum

DEFINITEINTEGRAL—REVIEWThen,wetakethelimitofsuchsumsas

n→∞toobtainthedefiniteintegraloff

fromatob:Equation2

VOLUMESInasimilarmanner,weconsiderafunctionfoftwovariablesdefinedonaclosedrectangleR=[a,b]x[c,d] ={(x,y)?R2|a≤x≤b,c≤y≤dandwefirstsupposethatf(x,y)≥0.Thegraphoffisasurfacewithequationz=f(x,y).

VOLUMESLetSbethesolidthatliesaboveRand

underthegraphoff,thatis, S={(x,y,z)?R3|0≤z≤f(x,y),(x,y)?R}Ourgoalistofind

thevolumeofS.

VOLUMESThefirststepistodividetherectangleRintosubrectangles.Wedividetheinterval[a,b]intomsubintervals

[xi–1,xi]ofequalwidth?x=(b–a)/m.Then,wedivide[c,d]intonsubintervals[yj–1,yj]

ofequalwidth?y=(d–c)/n.

VOLUMESNext,wedrawlinesparalleltothecoordinateaxesthroughtheendpointsofthesesubintervals.Thus,weformthesubrectangles

Rij=[xi–1,xi]x[yj–1,yj]

={(x,y)|xi–1≤x≤xi,yj–1≤y≤yj}eachwith

area?A=?x?yLet’schooseasamplepoint(xij*,yij*)ineachRij.

VOLUMESThen,wecanapproximatethepartofS

thatliesaboveeachRijbyathinrectangularbox(or“column”)

with:BaseRijHeightf(xij*,yij*)

VOLUMESThevolumeofthisboxistheheightoftheboxtimestheareaofthebaserectangle:f(xij*,yij*)?A

VOLUMESThus,wegetanapproximationtothetotalvolumeofS:Equation3

VOLUMESOurintuitiontellsusthattheapproximationgiveninEquation3esbetteras

mandnelarger.So,wewouldexpectthat:Equation4

DOUBLEINTEGRALThedoubleintegraloffovertherectangleR

is:ifthislimitexists.Afunctionfiscalledintegrableifthelimit

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