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BuriedPipeDesign2ndEditionAPMOSTER埋地管道设计3
387PlasticFlexiblePipeProductsThermoplasticPipeMaterialsThereareseveraltypesofthermoplasticsthatareusedinthemanu-factureofpipe.AbriefdiscussionofthermoplasticsanddesignbasesiscontainedinChap.4.Therearefourprincipalthermoplasticsusedtomakepipe:polyvinylchloride(PVC),acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS),polyethylene(PE),andpolybutylene(PB).Pipesmadefromotherthermoplasticscommandanextremelysmallmarketandareprimarilyusedforspecialtyapplications,suchasstyrenerubber(SR)andcellulose-acetate-butyrate(CAB).PolyvinylchloridePVCpipeisavailableforbothpressureandgravityapplications(Fig.7.1).Forgravitysewerapplications,itisavailableinbothsolid-wallandprofile-wallvarieties.Sizerangesareasfollows:PVCpressurepipe:1?2to36inPVCsolid-wallgravitypipe:2to27inPVCprofile-wallsewerpipe:4to48inTheabovelistedsizesaregenerallyavailable.However,sizesoutsidethelistedrangesmaybeavailableonspecialorderfromthemanufac-turer.Chapter7Polyvinylchlorideismanufacturedfromethyleneandchlorine.Ethyleneisextractedfromnaturalgasorcrudeoil,usuallyfromnat-uralgas.Itisalsopossibletousecoal;however,thatprocessismuchmoreexpensive.Chlorineismanufacturedviaelectrolysisfromsalt-water.Vinylchloridemonomerisproducedbyoxychlorination(areac-tionofethylenewithchlorine).Thevinylchloridemonomer(VCM)ispolymerizedtomakepolyvinylchlorideresin.PVCresinisawhite,powderysubstancehavingtheconsistencyoftablesugar.ThisPVCresinisthebasicbuildingblockforPVCpipe.Toopti-mizeprocessibilityandperformanceproperties,thepipemanufactur-ertakesPVCresinandcompoundsitwithlubricants,stabilizers,fillers,andpigments.Afterthemixingtakesplaceatanelevatedtem-perature,themixtureisallowedtocooltoambienttemperature.ThisPVCc
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