应用层部分内容computer networks-slide 13计算机网络.pptx

应用层部分内容computer networks-slide 13计算机网络.pptx

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TheApplicationLayer–Part1

ContentsDNS(TheDomainNameSystem)(Section7.1)ElectronicMail(Section7.2)

DNS–TheDomainNameSystemTheDNSNameSpaceResourceRecordsNameServers

DNS—TheDomainNameSystemTheessenceofDNSistheinventionofahierarchical,domain-basednamingschemeandadistributeddatabasesystemforimplementingthisnamingscheme.Itisprimarilyusedformappinghostnamesande-maildestinationstoIPaddressesbutcanalsobeusedforotherpurposes.DNSisdefinedinRFCs1034and1035.

DNS—TheDomainNameSystem(2)TomapanameontoanIPaddress,anapplicationprogramcallsalibraryprocedurecalledtheresolver,passingitthenameasaparameter.TheresolversendsaUDPpackettoalocalDNSserver,whichthenlooksupthenameandreturnstheIPaddresstotheresolver,whichthenreturnsittothecaller.ArmedwiththeIPaddress,theprogramcanthenestablishaTCPconnectionwiththedestinationorsenditUDPpackets.TomapanameontoanIPaddress,anapplicationprogramcallsalibraryprocedurecalledtheresolver,passingitthenameasaparameter.TheresolversendsaUDPpackettoalocalDNSserver,whichthenlooksupthenameandreturnstheIPaddresstotheresolver,whichthenreturnsittothecaller.ArmedwiththeIPaddress,theprogramcanthenestablishaTCPconnectionwiththedestinationorsenditUDPpackets.

TheDNSNameSpaceFigure7-1.AportionoftheInternetdomainnamespace.Conceptually,theInternetisdividedintoover200top-leveldomains,whereeachdomaincoversmanyhosts.Eachdomainispartitionedintosubdomains,andthesearefurtherpartitioned,andsoon.Allthesedomainscanberepresentedbyatree,asshowninFig.7-1.

TheDNSNameSpaceThetop-leveldomainscomeintwoflavors:genericandcountries.Theoriginalgenericdomainswerecom(commercial),edu(educationalinstitutions),gov(theU.S.FederalGovernment),int(certaininternationalorganizations),mil

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