简介议程简史架构内核模式与用户introduction to linuxLinux.pptx

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2024-08-27 发布于北京
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简介议程简史架构内核模式与用户introduction to linuxLinux.pptx

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IntroductiontoLinux

2AgendaBriefLinuxHistoryLinuxArchitectureKernelModevs.UserModeLinuxShellFileSystemStructureUsefulCommandsFileEditingDevelopmentToolsNetworking

3Developmentstartedin1991InspiredbyUNIXsystemsOpenSourceOperatingSystemMulti-UserMulti-TaskingStandardsCompliance:POSIX,SystemVandBSDDesignGoals:Simplicity,Portability,FlexibilityDesktopWindowSystemsbasedonX11:KDEandGNOMEOpenRGbranchedfromLinuxusingkernelversion2.4(upto2.4.21)and2.6(upto2.6.16)BriefLinuxHistory

4UserModeApplicationsOSServicesLINUXKernelHardwareControllersLINUXArchitectureVariousapplicationsusedontheLinuxsystemKernelAPIAbstractandMediateaccesstoHardwareresourcesAllpossiblephysicaldevices

5KernelMode?UserMode UserModeMemoryMalloc/FreeMemoryprotectionContinuousmemoryallocationProcessesPreemptiveschedulingSystemcallsforkernelservices KernelModeMemoryKmalloc/kfreeFullaccesstomemoryhardwareThreadsNoschedulingorpreemptionStrongdistinctionbetweenkernelmodeandusermode

6LinuxShellStartedonlogin–bash,csh,ksh,shInitialization/etc/profileand~/.bashrcCommandLineparseandexecuteEnvironmentvariablessetvs.export$USER,$HOMEand$PATHCommandlineoptions:cmdoptions[params]Short(-h)andLongoptions(--help)ForegroundandBackground

7FileSystemStructure/bin -Basicshellcommands/dev -Containsthehardwaredevices/etc -Systempreferences/home -Users’accounts/lib -Basiclibrariesusedbyapplications/proc -Kernelanddriversinformation/root -TheAdministrator’suserdirectory/sbin -Systembinaries/usr -Filesthatcouldbesharedacrosssite/var -Applicationsdataandlogfiles

8Name:initState:S(sleeping);‘D’ead‘R’unning‘T’raced(stopped)‘Z’ombie:Pid:1:FDSize:32;NumberoffiledescriptorsVmSize:1492kB;Virtualimagesize:procFileSystemStructureExecutethecommand:cat/proc/1/statusThecommandshowsthestatusofprocessno.1