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Lecture10:SettlerColonialisminNorthAmericaDrArleneCrampsie
England’semergenceinmaritimetradeLearntfromIberians;newshipsnewgunneryJohnHawkinssonofmerchant,captain,shipowner–withhisbrothertradedwithFrance,foughtinAnglo-Frenchwar1557-8,connectionswithCanaryIsbasedmerchantsDecidedtouseEnglishshipstotransportslaves–PortugueseinGuineaSpanishinWIndies1stnavaladministrators;2ndQueen;3rdQueenextendedinterestRisky–accidents,bribery,battles
EstablishingcoloniesinAmericaWalterRalegh:1580sVirginiaasbasetoraidSpanishshippingAgriculturalcolony–‘citizen-planters’onRoanokeIs;failedasArmadablockedvoyagesuntilOrinocoGuiana–freednativesfromSpainNativeswerealliesinEuropeantensions,thereforecouldn’ttalkaboutsavages/devilsAgedmen,greattravellers–leftFrancisSparrowHughGoodwinforKingTopiawari’ssonLongdistanceculturalexchangeSmoking,medicines,eventualexecutionin1618
WhySettlerColonialism?
FromexplorationtoplantationDiscourseConcerningWesternPlanting(1584),RichardHakluytStabilityandorderathome–removevagrantsandusethemaslabourReducedependenceonSpanishPortuguesePrestige–stopSpanishCiviliseIreland(viatradenetworks)andconvertworldtoProtestantismButnotthesamerichesoneastofN.AmericaBringingwheat,rye,barley,pigs,rabbits,doves,chickens,ducks,tradesmen,defence
EarlysettlementattemptsCreatinganEnglishlandscapeFailuresatRoanokeandSaghadoc(Maine)BetteratJamestown,Virginia(1607);Plymouth(1620);MassachusettsBay(1630)DependentongoodwillofAmerindiansByend1600s160,000fromBritain(190,000toCaribbeanand180,000toIrelandinsametime)116,000toVirigniatotobaccoplantation–exportOftenpoorestEuropeans(indenturedservants),Amerindians,enslavedAfricans
EstablishingsettlementsJamestown–London’sVirginiaCompanyHeartofPowhatan’sempireConsolidation,warfare,intimidat
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