1 gdp构成表宏观济学5e ch5e.pptx

2of323-1TheCompositionofGDPTable3-1TheCompositionofU.S.GDP,2006BillionsofdollarsPercentofGDPGDP(Y)13,246100.01Consumption(C)9,26970.02Investment(I)2,16316.3Nonresidential1,39610.5Residential7675.83Governmentspending(G)2,52819.04Netexports?763?5.8Exports(X)1,46611.0Imports(IM)?2,229?16.85Inventoryinvestment490Source:SurveyofCurrentBusiness,April2007,Table1-1-5.

3of323-1TheCompositionofGDPConsumption(C)referstothegoodsandservicespurchasedbyconsumers.

Investment(I),sometimescalledfixedinvestment,isthepurchaseofcapitalgoods.Itisthesumofnonresidentialinvestmentandresidentialinvestment.

GovernmentSpending(G)referstothepurchasesofgoodsandservicesbythefederal,state,andlocalgovernments.Itdoesnotincludegovernmenttransfers,norinterestpaymentsonthegovernmentdebt.

4of323-1TheCompositionofGDPImports(IM)arethepurchasesofforeigngoodsandservicesbyconsumers,businessfirms,andtheU.S.government.

Exports(X)arethepurchasesofU.S.goodsandservicesbyforeigners.

5of323-1TheCompositionofGDPInventoryinvestmentisthedifferencebetweenproductionandsales.Netexports(X?IM)isthedifferencebetweenexports

andimports,alsocalledthetradebalance.

6of323-2TheDemandforGoodsThetotaldemandforgoodsiswrittenas:Thesymbol“?”meansthatthisequationisanidentity,ordefinition.TodetermineZ,somesimplificationsmustbemade:

Assumethatallfirmsproducethesamegood,whichcanthenbeusedbyconsumersforconsumption,byfirmsforinvestment,orbythegovernment.

7of323-2TheDemandforGoodsAssumethatfirmsarewillingtosupplyanyamountofthegoodatagivenprice,P,anddemandinthatmarket.

Assumethattheeconomyisclosed,thatitdoesnottradewiththerestoftheworld,thenbothexportsandimports

arezero.Undertheassumptionthattheeco