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钻模和夹具

Introduction导言

Ithasalreadybeenstatedthattheworkpiecemustbe

locatedrelativetothecuttingtool,andbesecuredinthat

position.Aftertheworkpiecehasbeenmarkedout,itisstill

necessarytopositionitwithrespecttothemachinemovements,

andtoclampitinthatpositionbeforemachiningisstarted.

已经说明了工件必须相对于切削刀具定位并确保到位。工件

划线后，仍有必要将其相对于切削运动定位，并在机加工开始前把它

装夹到位。

Whenseveralidenticalworkpiecesaretobeproducedthe

needtomarkouteachpartiseliminatedbytheuseofjigsand

fixtures,butifacastingorforgingisinvolved,atrial

workpieceismarkedout,toensurethattheworkpiececanbe

producedfromit,andtoensurethatribs,cores,etc.havenot

becomemisplaced.

当要加工若干同样的工件时，使用钻模和夹具可以不必在每

个工件上划线；但对铸件或锻件而言，还需取一试验工件划线以保证

照此加工不会将加强肋、型芯等放错位置。

Jigsandfixturesarealikeinthattheyboth

incorporatedevicestoensurethattheworkpieceiscorrectly

locatedandclamped,buttheydifferinthatjigsincorporate

meansoftoolguidingduringtheactualcuttingoperation,and

fixturesdonot.

钻模和夹具的相似点是它们都把保证工件正确定位和夹紧的

装置相结合，它们的不同在于钻模在实际切削作业中还能与刀具导向

方法相结合，而夹具则不能。

Inpractice,theonlycuttingtoolsthatcanbeguidedwhile

actuallycuttingaredrills,reamers,andsimilarcutters;and

sojigsareassociatedwithdrillingoperations,andfixtures

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withallotheroperations.Fixturesmayincorporatemeansof

settingthecuttingtoolsrelativetothelocationsystem.

实际上，在真实切削中能被导向的切削刀具只有钻头、铰刀和类似的

刀具；因此钻模用于钻削作业，而夹具用于其余作业。夹具可以与切

削刀具相对定位系统装夹的方法结合在一起。

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