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2022年职称英语考试真题及答案(理工类B级)
Whensomethingcreatesasoundwaveinaroomoranauditorium(礼
堂),listenershearthesoundwavedirectlyfromthesource.They
alsohearthereflectionsasthesoundbouncesoffthewalls,
floor,andceiling.Thesearecalledthereflectedwaveor
reverberant(反射的)sound,whichcanbeheardevenafterthesound
isnolongercomingfromthesource.
Thereverberationtimeofanauditoriumisdeterminedbythe
volumeorinteriorsizeoftheauditorium.Itisalsodetermined
byhowwellorhowpoorlythewalls,ceiling,floor,andcontents
oftheroom(includingthepeople)absorbsound.Thereisnoideal
reverberationtime.Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchas
WagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberation
time.Thelight,rapidmusicalpassagesofBachorMozartneeda
reverberationtimesomewherebetween.
Acousticproblemsoftenarecausedbypoorauditorium
design.Smooth,curved(弯曲的)reflectingsurfacescreatelarge
reflections.Parallel(平行的)wallsreflectsoundbackandforth,
creatingarapid,repetitivepulsing(有节奏的跳动)effect.Large
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pillars(柱)andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesound
wavestrytopassaroundtheobject.Someoftheseproblemscan
besolvedbyusingabsorbersandrelectorstochangethe
reverberationtimeofaroom.Forexample,hanginglarge
reflectors,calledclouds,overtheperformerswillallowsome
soundfrequenciestoreflectandotherstopassyoachievea
pleasingmixtureofsound.
1.ThisPassageismainlyabout
Asoundwavesandtheiracousticeffect.
Bthetypesofmusicorchestrasplay
Cwallsofanauditorium
Dthedesignofanauditorium
2.WagneroperasandMahlersymphoniessoundfullerinan
auditoriumwith
~2/3~
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