03 第36讲　等比数列及其前n项和 【答案】作业.docxVIP

第36讲等比数列及其前n项和

1.B[解析]由a2-a5=21可设{an}的公比为q(q≠0,q≠1),∵等比数列{an}的前三项和为84,a2-a5=21,∴a1q-a1q4

2.D[解析]由a1+a2=3,2a1+a2=4,解得a1=1,

3.A[解析]若数列{an}是等比数列,则a22=a1a3,充分性成立;若数列{an}为1,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,…,则满足a22=a1a3,但此时数列{an}不是等比数列,必要性不成立.所以“数列{an}是等比数列”是“a22=a1a

4.C[解析]设等比数列{an}的公比为q(q≠0),则S8-S5S3=a8+a7+a6a1+a2+a3=a3q5+a2q5+a1q5a1+a2+a3=q5=-32,解得q=-2,又S6=a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6

5.D[解析]由题意得,单音的频率是以f为首项,122为公比的等比数列,∴第八个单音的频率为f·(122)7=

6.381[解析]由{an}是等比数列,得a3a5a7a9a11=a75=243,故a7=3.由q=13,得a4=a

7.D[解析]设{an}的公比为q(q0),由a3-a1=2,得a1q2-a1=2,又an0,所以a1=2q2-10,所以q1,则a4+a3=a1(q3+q2)=2q2q-1=2(q-1)+2q-1+4≥8,当且仅当2(q-

8.D[解析]设等比数列的前n项和为Sn,公比为q,由题意可知,A=Sn,B=S2n,C=S3n,由等比数列的性质可得S2n-SnSn=qn,S3n-S2nS2n-Sn=qn,所以B-AA=C

9.C[解析]Sn+1+1=4an(n∈N*),当n=1时,S2+1=4a1,则a2=3a1-1;当n=2时,S3+1=4a2,则a3=3a2-a1-1=8a1-4.因为数列{an}是等比数列,所以a22=a1a3,即(3a1-1)2=a1(8a1-4),整理得a12-2a1+1=0,解得a1=1,则a2=2,公比q=2,所以an=2n-1.由不等式am+am+1+…+am+k-am+1Sk2023(k∈N*)得2m-1+2m+2m+1+…+2m+k-1-2m(1+2+22+…+2k-1)2023,整理得2m-12023,又2102023211,所以2m-1≤210,即m-1≤10,即m≤11,所以正整数m的最大值为11

10.AB[解析]由题意可得,等比数列{an}的首项a10,公比q0,即an0,Sn0.对于A,an+1+an0,且an+2+an+1an+1+an=(an+1+an)qan+1+an=q,即{an+1+an}为等比数列,A正确;对于B,an+1an0,且an+2an+1an+1an=an+2an=q2,即{an+1an}为等比数列,B正确;对于C,∵Sn=na1,q=1

11.ABD[解析]显然△AnBnCn是等边三角形,因此Mn=34an2,A正确;由中位线的性质易得an=12an-1(n≥2),所以{an}是等比数列,其公比为12,因此a42=a3a5,B正确;a1=12AB=1,所以a1+a2+…+an=1×1-12n1-12=2-21-n,C错误;M1=34×12=34,因为{an}是等比数列,其公比为12,所以{Mn}也是等比数列,其公比是14,

12.3n-1[解析]根据题意,“追梦数列”{an}满足1an+1-3an=0(n∈N*),即an=3an+1,则数列{an}是公比为13的等比数列.因为数列1bn+1为“追梦数列”,所以1bn+1=1b1+1×13n-1

13.2[解析]设等比数列{bn}的公比为q,则bn=b1·qn-1=an+1an,所以当n≥2时,anan-1=b1·qn-2,an-1an-2=b1·qn-3,…,a2a1=b1·q0,由累乘法可得anan-1·an-1an-2·…·a2a1=b1n-1·q0+1+2+…+n-2=b1n-1·q(n-2)(n-1)2(n≥2),整理可得an=a1·b1n-1·q

14.解:(1)∵S6=a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6=a1+a2+a3+a1q3+a2q3+a3q3=S3(q3+1),∴S3(q3+1)=98S3,∴q=12,∴a3=a1q2=

(2)∵am+am+2=52am+1,∴am+amq2=52amq,得q2-52q+1=0,又q1,∴

由S2m=9Sm,得a1(1-22m)1-2=9×a1(1-2m)1-2,又a1≠0,∴1-22m=9(1-2m),即(1-2m)(1+2m)=9(1-2m),又m∈

15.解:选①②为条件,③为结论,即已知数列{an}是等比数列,数列{Sn+1}是等比数列,求证:a2=a1(a1+1).