Unit1DiscoveringUsefulStructures讲义高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册.docxVIP

语态

英语中的实意动词中的及物动词一般都有主动和被动语态两种形式：主动语态：主语是动作的执行者;被动语态：主语是动作的承受者

主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态是有标记的，标记为“助动词be+过去分词”。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子的时态，语气的不同而变化：

一般现在+被动：am/is/are+done

一般过去+被动：was/were+done

一般将来+被动：willbe+done

一般过去将来时+被动：would/shouldbe+done

现在进行+被动：am/is/arebeingdone

过去进行+被动：was/werebeingdone

现在完成+被动：has/havebeendone

过去完成+被动：hadbeendone

Eg:

IaminvitedtopayavisittotheGreatWall,whichIhaslongedtovisitforalongtime.

IwasimpressedbysomanytouristattractionsinChina,amongwhichtheGreatWallisthemostspecial.

IknowIwillbeattractedbymoretouristattractionsinthefuture,aslongasIaminterestedinChina.

一般现在+被动：am/is/are+done

一般过去+被动：was/were+done

一般将来+被动：willbe+done

一般过去将来时+被动：would/shouldbe+done

Thesportsmeetingisbeingheldinourschoolnow.

ChinesePoetryConferencewasbeingheldinCCTV-3duringthosedays.

现在进行+被动：am/is/arebeingdone

过去进行+被动：was/werebeingdone

TheGreatWallhasbeenvisitedmanytimessinceIsettledinChina.

TheGreatWallhadbeenvisitedmanytimesbeforeIsettledinChina.

现在完成+被动：has/havebeendone

过去完成+被动：hadbeendone

被动语态语法总结：

一：“10大动词”还原to

感官动词x7see/watch/hear/notice/

使役动词x3make/have/let

Weheardhimtalkabouthisexperiences.?Hewasheardtotalkabouthisexperiences.

Hemademedomyhomework.?Iwasmadetodomyhomework.

二：主动表被动deserve/need/require/want

1.在need,want,require,deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其意义相当于动词不定式的被动形式

Thewaywereadneedchanging.(tobechanged)

Thematterdeserveslookinginto.

2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义

Manyclassicworksareworthreading.

三．3种动词”无被动

一个连系：sound,smell,look,taste,feel+adj

二个发生：happen,takeplace，occur

三个特殊：sell,wash,write

一连系：sound,smell,look,taste,feel+adj

Thesteelfeelscold.钢铁摸起来很凉。

Theflowerssmellsweet.

二发生：happen,takeplace，occur

Foodshortagesoftenoccurintimeofwar.

Aterribleearthquakehappenedinourhometown.

三特殊：sell,wash,write，read

表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，此时，他们是不