智能障碍与自闭症课件.ppt

智能障碍与自闭症智能障礙者診療體位及行為處理無特殊體位上之要求說話語氣要和緩、平順臉部表情要微笑、親切動作要穩重、勿急躁，但要乾淨俐落智能障碍与自闭症智能障礙者牙科臨床輕度或中度者以一般的行為處理重度以上者大多依賴藥物吸入鎮靜

靜脈鎮靜

全身麻醉休息時間智能障碍与自闭症自閉症(Autism)智能障碍与自闭症自閉症自閉症的診斷自閉症的流行病學自閉症的病因自閉症的臨床症狀及行為問題自閉症的治療與預後自閉症與牙科智能障碍与自闭症自閉症的診斷Kraeplin:早發性癡呆(精神分裂症)Bruler:4A(association,affect,ambivalence,autism)兒童精神分裂症/兒童期精神病Kanner(1943):嬰兒期自閉(autism)智能障碍与自闭症自閉症的診斷Kanner最初的描述:先天性的無法和人產生有意義的連結,仿說,異常固執,無法忍受變化,怪異的重複行為Kanner的錯誤:正常的智力,父母的教育程度,使用autism在當時暗示了其與精神分裂症的關連智能障碍与自闭症自閉症的診斷DSM-III正式納入自閉症的診斷DSM-III的缺失:診斷過於寬鬆,廣泛DSM-IV修訂智能障碍与自闭症自閉症的診斷:DSM-IVcriteriaA.Qualitativeimpairmentinsocialinteraction,asmanifestedbyatleasttwoofthefollowing:1.markedimpairmentsintheuseofmultiplenonverbalbehaviorssuchaseye-to-eyegaze,facialexpression,bodypostures,andgesturestoregulatesocialinteraction2.failuretodeveloppeerrelationshipsappropriatetodevelopmentallevel3.alackofspontaneousseekingtoshareenjoyment,interests,orachievementswithotherpeople(e.g.byalackofshowing,bringing,orpointingoutobjectsofinteresttootherpeople)4.lackofsocialoremotionalreciprocity智能障碍与自闭症自閉症的診斷:DSM-IVcriteriaB.qualitativeimpairmentsincommunicationasmanifestedbyatleastoneofthefollowing:1.delayin,ortotallackof,thedevelopmentofspokenlanguage(notaccompaniedbyanattempttocompensatethroughalternativemodesofcommunicationsuchasgestureormime)2.inindividualswithadequatespeech,markedimpairmentintheabilitytoinitiateorsustainaconversationwithothers3.stereotypedandrepetitiveuseoflanguageoridiosyncraticlanguage4.lackofvaried,spontaneousmake-believeplayorsocialimitativeplayappropriatetodevelopmentallevel

智能障碍与自闭症自閉症的診斷:DSM-IVcriteriaC.Restrictedrepetitiveandstereotypedpatternsofbehavior,interests,andactivities,asmanifestedbyatleastoneofthefollowing:1.encompassingp