细胞的生物电现象.ppt

**（３）themechanismofactionpotential）depolarization:someNa+ionchannelsopen,sodiumionsenterthecellcarryingpositivechargestotheinside(Na+influx)→furtherdepolarization→moreNa+channelsopen→Na+influxincreases→completedisappearanceofRP→insidepositiveinsteadofinsidenegative.去极相：钠快速内流（Na+平衡电位））repolarization:potassiumionsmovetotheoutside复极相：K+efflux）静息期：TenormaldistributionofNa+andK+betweenintra-andextracellularfluidsisrestoredbyNa+-K+pump.**动作电位的特征．allornonephenomenon（“全或无”现象）动作电位的大小和波形不随剌激强度和传导距离而改变Astimulusofthresholdorsuprathresho1dintensityappliedtoasinglenervefiberalwaysproducesanactionpotentialofconstantamplitudeandtheamplituderemainsconstantalongthepropagationpath．Thepropagationvelocityofasinglenervefiberalsoremainsconstant．Responsesofanervetrunktostimulusofvariousintensitiesdifferfromthatofasinglenervefiber．Astheintensityofthestimulusisgraduallyincreasedfromthresholdvalue，theAPamplitudeincreases．Ataparticularvalueofstimulusstrengththeamplitudeoftheresponsebecomesmaximum；isnolongerincreaseswithgreaterintensitiesofstimulation．Thisvalueiscalledthemaximalstimulus．Intensitiesgreaterthanmaximalaretermedsupramaximal．Amaximalstimulusappliedtoanervetrunkexcitesallofthenervefibers，andtheresponserepresentsthesummedactivityofall．因为动作电位是由膜内外Na+浓度差和钠通道的数量所决定的。例：子弹飞出枪膛；开电灯******５、APpropagation-thelocalCircuit(局部电流)ThepropagationofAPalongunmyelinatednervefibersisusuallyexplainedwiththelocalCircuit．FloworLocalCurrenttheory．Fig.2－6depictsthepropagationofactionpotentialsinanunmyelinatednervefiber.有髓纤维－－跳跃式传导PropagationAPalongmyelinatednervefibersisusuallyexplainedwiththe“SaltatoryConduction”theory（Fig.2－7）．Atthepointofexcitation，themembraneisdepolarized，theoutsidebecomingnegativeandtheinside