existentialsentence备用专业知识讲座.pptx

ExistentialSentence

Definition

Theexistentialsentenceisaspecialtypeofsentencestructurethatdenotestheexistenceofsomething.

Structuralproperties(构造特征)

there+be+NP+

Locative/temporaladverbial形式主语（引导词）谓语动词（主动词be和其他具有“存在”意义旳动词旳一定形式）实义主语（一般是名词词组）地点/时间状语

There+be+NP+

locative/temporaladverbial

Thereisatree

inmygarden.

There(introductory引导词)

Introductorythere:unstressed,meaninglessThereisnobusnow.Afrontedadverbthere:stressed,actsasanadverbofplaceThereisourbus.

Be（predicator谓语动词）

(1)Thepredicatorofanexistentialsentenceiscommonlyaformoftheverb“be”,simplepresent,simplepast,presentperfectiveorpastperfective,etc.

Thereisatrainduetoarrive.(simplepresent)Therewasalotofrainlastyear.(simplepast)TherewillbeanEnglishlectureatthreethisafternoon.(future)Therehasbeenmuchtalkaboutit.(presentperfective)

(2)Thepredicatormayalsoberealizedby“modal+be/havebeen”.eg:Theremustbenomoremoneywasted.Mustn’ttherebeanotherreasonforhisbehavior?Therecan/can’tbeverylittledoubtabouthisguilt.Therecan’thavebeenmuchtrafficsolateatnight.Thereusedtobeachurchroundthecorner.

(3)Thepredicatormayalsoberealizedby“semi-auxiliary+be”

(半助动词)Thereisgoingtobeastorm.Thereseemstobesomethingwrong.Thereistobeaninvestigation.Thereappearstobenodoubtaboutit.

(4)Apartfromthis,thereareatleastthreeclassesofsemantically-relatedverbsthatcanactaspredicator.Verbsofexistenceandposition.suchasexist,live,stand,lieVerbsofmotion,suchascome,go,walkVerbsofemergenceordevelopment,suchas:appear,arise,emerge,develop,happen,occur,etc.

Therestandsapostofficeonthecornerofthestreet.Therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.Therehappenedtobenopeopleinthehall.

NP(实义主语)

Thedeterminerscommonlyoccurringinthiskindofnounphraseincludetheindefinitearticle,thezeroarticle,andotherin