成果综合描述cisco ont10s02l03.pptx

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2024-10-29 发布于北京
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成果综合描述cisco ont10s02l03.pptx

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DescribeCiscoVoIPImplementationsEncapsulatingVoicePacketsforTransport

End-to-EndDeliveryofVoicePackets

VoiceTransportinCircuit-BasedNetworksAnalogphonesconnecttoCOswitches.COswitchesconvertbetweenanaloganddigital.Aftercallissetup,PSTNprovides:End-to-enddedicatedcircuitforthiscall(DS-0)Synchronoustransmissionwithfixedbandwidthandverylow,constantdelay

VoiceTransportinIPNetworksAnalogphonesconnecttovoicegateways.Voicegatewaysconvertbetweenanaloganddigital.Aftercallissetup,IPnetworkprovides:Packet-by-packetdeliverythroughthenetworkSharedbandwidth,higherandvariabledelays

ExplainingProtocolsUsedinVoiceEncapsulation

WhichProtocolstoUseforVoIP?FeatureVoiceNeedsTCPUDPRTPReliabilityNoYesNoNoReorderingYesYesNoYesTime-stampingYesNoNoYesMultiplexingYesYesYesNo

VoiceEncapsulationExamplesDigitizedvoiceisencapsulatedintoRTP,UDP,andIP.Bydefault,20msofvoiceispacketizedintoasingleIPpacket.

ReducingHeaderOverhead

VoiceEncapsulationOverheadVoiceissentinsmallpacketsathighpacketrates.IP,UDP,andRTPheaderoverheadsareenormous:ForG.729,theheadersaretwicethesizeofthepayload.ForG.711,theheadersareone-fourththesizeofthepayload.Bandwidthis24kbpsforG.729and80kbpsforG.711,ignoringLayer2overhead.

RTPHeaderCompressionCompressestheIP,UDP,andRTPheadersIsconfiguredonalink-by-linkbasisReducesthesizeoftheheaderssubstantially

(from40bytesto2or4bytes):4bytesiftheUDPchecksumispreserved2bytesiftheUDPchecksumisnotsentSavesaconsiderableamountofbandwidth

WhentoUseRTPHeaderCompressionUsecRTP:Onlyonslowlinks(lessthan2Mbps)IfbandwidthneedstobeconservedConsiderthedisadvantagesofcRTP:AddstoprocessingoverheadIntroducesadditionaldelaysTunecRTP—setthenumberofsessionstobecompressed

(defaultis16)

SummaryInpackettelephony,digitizedvoiceiscarriedinIPpackets,whicharero