【英文版】估算和报告产品的比较排放影响.docx

WORLD

WORLD

RESOURCESINSTITUTE

WORKINGPAPER

ESTIMATINGANDREPORTINGTHECOMPARATIVEEMISSIONSIMPACTSOFPRODUCTS

STEPHENRUSSELL

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

?Thispaperintroducesaneutralframeworkfor

estimatinganddisclosingthegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsimpactofaproduct(goodorservice),

relativetothesituationwherethatproductdoesnotexist.

.?Thedifferencesmaybeeithernegativeorpositive

.

Positivedifferencesarefrequentlycalled“avoidedemissions”andhavebeentheobjectofmuch

interestamongcompaniestryingtodevelopandpromotelow-carbonproducts.

?Existingpracticesforestimatingsuchproduct

impactsvaryintermsofmanykeyissues.The

intentoftheframeworkistoidentifyimportant

challenges,harmonizepractices,andimprovethecredibilityofcompanies’claims,includingthroughtheconsiderationofpotentialnegativeimpacts.

-?Whenestimatesareusedtoinformdecision

-

making,theyshouldpreferablybedeveloped

using“consequential”methodsthatmeasuretotal,system-widechangesinemissions.Becausethedataavailabletosupportthesemethodsareoftenlimited,alternative(“attributional”)methodsmayalsobe

consideredasinterimmeasuresforapplications

thatcanbesupportedwithaninterimattributionalapproach.Forallpublicclaimsoncomparative

emissionsimpactsthatmayinvolvemarketeffects,werecommendtheuseoftheconsequentialmethod.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

ExecutiveSummary.......................................1

1.Introduction.............................................3

2.CoreTermsinEstimatingComparativeImpacts...10

3.SettingTargetsforComparativeImpacts............11

4.AccountingIssuesandRecommendations........13

5.SummaryandConclusions..........................20

AppendixA:ConsolidatedRecommendations........21

Endnotes..................................................24

References...............................................25

Acknowl