《医学微生物学》第4、5章 细菌遗传与变异-教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

BacterialHeredityandVariationChapter4，51

IOutline1.ConceptsHeredityVariationGenotypicvariationPhenotypicvariation2

2.BacterialvariationMorphologicalandstructurevariationCellwall-cellwalldeficient(L-form)Capsular-acapsularFlagellar-aflagellar(H-Ovariation)Sporular-asporular3

4

Virulencevariation:Avirulent-VirulentBovineTBBCGculturedthrough230times’passagefor13yearsC.diphtheriae?-corynephage,diphtheriaetoxin5

DrugresistancevariationPenicillinresistantstrainsofstaphylococcusaureusColonyshapevariationSmooth-RoughvariationEnzymeactivityvariationAntigenicityvariation6

staphylococcusaureusResistanttodrug7

IIGeneticelementsofbacteriaGenome=totalcollectionofgenescarriedbyabacterialcellChromosomalDNAExtrachromosomalDNA Plasmid(s)Phage(s)TransposableelementsIntergron8

-CovalentlyclosedcirculardsDNA,usuallyhaploid,smallinsize(4000-5000genes).-Genesaresequencesofnucleiotidethathavebiologicalfunctions.1.Chromosomebidirectionalreplication9

2.PlasmidsExtra-chromosomalgeneticelementsthatarecapableofautonomousreplication.-Small,circular,ds-DNA-existindependentlyofhostchromosome-autonomouslyreplicating(replicon)-disappearspontaneouslyorbyinduction(UV)-transferredbyconjugation,tansformationandtranductionepisome10

ClassificationofPlasmidsAccordingto*Transferproperties--Conjugative *40-100kbp,Fplasmid,Rplasmid--Nonconjugative*15kbp,transferbymobilization,ColE1plasmid*ReplicationTypes--Relaxed(autonomousreplication);highcopynumber--Stringent(undertightchromosomalcontrol);lowcopynumber*Compatibleandincompatibleplasmid11

Tn9Tn21Tn10Tn8RTFRdeterminant*PhenotypiceffectsFertilityplasmid,Fplasmid-codingsexpilusResistanceplasmi