中国文化常识-Common Knowledge About Chinese Cultur69课件讲解.pptx

中国文化常识zhōngguówénhuàchángshíCommonKnowledgeAboutChineseCulture

宫廷TheImperialPalacegōngtíng

Theimperialpalacewastheresidenceoftheemperorandhisfamily.宫廷—皇帝的家gōngtínghuángdìdejiā

古代宫廷的设计一般分为前后两部分。前面是皇帝处理朝政的地方，后面是帝王后妃们居住的地方。gǔdàigōngtíngdeshèjìyìbānfēnwéiqiánhòuliǎngbùfèn.qiánmiànshìhuángdìchǔlǐcháozhèngdedìfāng,hòumiànshìdìwánghòufēimenjūzhùdedìfāng.

宫殿建筑采取严格的中轴对称的布局方式，两侧的建筑整齐而对称。gōngdiànjiànzhùcǎiqǔyángédezhōngzhóuduìchèndebùjúfāngshì,liǎngcèdejiànzhùzhěngqíérduìchèn.

TheimperialpalacecomplexinancientChinawasusuallydividedintotwoparts.Thefrontpartwasfortheemperortomeethisministersandtalkaboutthestateaffairs,whilethebackpartwasusedforresidentialpurposesonly.Themainbuildingswereallbuiltalongacentralsouth-northaxis,whileauxiliarybuildingsstoodsymmetricallyoneachside.

宫廷建筑大都采用大屋顶，这种大屋顶不但华美壮丽，而且对建筑物起到了很好的保护作用。gōngtíngjiànzhùdàdūcǎiyòngdàwūdǐng,zhèzhǒngdàwūdǐngbùdànhuáměizhuànglì,érqiěduìjiànzhùwùqǐdàolehěnhǎodebǎohùzuòyòng.

大屋顶层层飞翘的屋檐和屋角使屋面形成了巧妙的曲线，这样雨水从屋顶流下，会被排得很远，从而保护了木造的宫殿不受雨淋。dàwūdǐngcéngcéngfēiqiàodewūyánhéwūjiǎoshǐwūmiànxíngchéngleqiǎomiàodeqūxiàn,zhèyàngyǔshuǐcóngwūdǐngliúxià,huìbèipáidehěnyuǎn,cóngérbǎohùlemùzàodegōngdiànbùshòuyǔlín.

Mostofthepalacebuildingshadlargeslopingroofs.Theroofwasnotonlydecorative,butalsoprotective,astheoverhangwithupturnedcornersensuredthatrainwaterwouldflowalongtheroofgroovesandfallintoplacesfarfromthewoodenstructuresofthebuilding.

用木材建造房屋是中国古代建筑的基本特点。宫廷建筑的梁柱门窗等都是用木材建造的，而且被砌成了象征喜庆富贵的朱红色。yòngmùcáijiànzàofángwūshìzhōngguógǔdàijiànzhùdejīběntèdiǎn.gōngtíngjiànzhùdeliángzhùménchuāngděngdōushìyòngmùcáijiàn