2024-2025学年上海市徐汇区高三上学期高考一模考试英语试卷含详解.docx

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2024-2025学年上海市徐汇区高三上学期高考一模考试英语试卷含详解.docx

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2024学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷

高三英语试卷

(考试时间105分钟满分115分)2024.12Ⅰ．Grammarandvocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

PioneersinartificialintelligencewintheNobelPrizeinphysics

The2024NobelPrizeinphysicshasbeenawardedtoJohnHopfieldandGeoffreyHinton.Theyareknownfortheirfundamentaldiscoveriesinmachinelearning,1pavedthewayforhowartificialintelligenceisusedtoday.

Machinelearningdiffersfromtraditionalsoftware.Thesoftwarereceivesdata,whichisprocessedaccordingtoacleardescription,and2(produce)theresults.Inmachinelearning,thecomputerlearnsbyexample,enablingittotackleproblemsthataretoocomplicated3(manage)bystep-by-stepinstructions.

HintonandHopfield4(credit)withusingtoolsfromphysicstoadvancebasicresearchinthefield.In1982,Hopfielddevelopedamodelofneural(神经的)networks,todayknownastheHopfieldnetwork,todescribehowthebrainrecallsmemorieswhen5(feed)partialinformation,similartothemethodyourbrainusestorememberawordonthetipofyourtongue.

GeoffHintonandcolleaguesfurtherdevelopedtheHopfieldnetwork.Todothat,Hintonusedstatisticalphysics,basedonanequationinventedbythenineteenthcenturyphysicistLudwigBoltzmann,creatinga“Boltzmannmachine.”Itcanlearn—notfrominstructions,butfrom6(give)examples.AtrainedBoltzmannmachinecanrecognizefamiliartraits(特质)ininformationithasnotpreviouslyseen.Imaginemeetingafriend’sbrotherorsister,andyoucanimmediatelyseethatthey7berelated.Inasimilarway,theBoltzmannmachinecanrecognizeanentirelynewexample8itbelongstoacategoryfoundinthetrainingma