上、下肢骨ppt课件.pptxVIP

TheBonesofLimbs

山东大学医学院解剖教研室

Bonesofupperlimbs

Composition:inlinewithShouldergirdle上肢带骨clavicle锁骨，scapula肩胛骨Bonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨Humerus肱骨inarmRadius桡骨andulna尺骨inforearmCarpalbones腕骨Metacarpalbones掌骨phalangesoffingers指骨

Clavicle锁骨“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackwardSternalend胸骨端mediallyandacromialend肩峰端laterallySuperiorsurfaceInferiorsurface

Scapula肩胛骨ThreebordersSuperior:coracoidprocess喙突,scapularnotch肩胛切迹Lateral(axillary)border腋缘Medial(vertebral)border脊柱缘ThreeanglesSuperior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalspace肋间隙Lateral:glenoidcavity关节盂,肩胛颈supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上、下结节TwosurfacesAnteriorsurfaceconcave凹面的:subscapularfossa肩胛下窝Posteriorsurface:supraspinousfossa冈上窝andinfraspinousfossa冈下窝,spineofscapula肩胛冈,acromion肩峰

Humerus肱骨Upperend:headofhumerus肱骨头,anatomicalneck解剖颈,greaterandlessertubercles大、小结节,crestsofgreaterandlessertubercle,大、小结节嵴，intertuberculargroove结节间沟,surgicalneck外科颈Shaft:deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆onlateralsurface,andagrooveforradialnerve桡神经沟onposteriorsurfaceLowerend:capitulumofhumerus肱骨小头,trochleaofhumerus肱骨滑车,lateralandmedialepicondyles内、外上髁,coranoidfossa冠突窝andradialfossa桡窝(anteriorly)andolecranonfossa鹰嘴窝(posteriorly),andsulcusforulnarnerve尺神经沟

RadiusUpperend:headofradius桡骨头,articularcircumference环状关节面,neckofradius桡骨颈,radialtuberosity桡骨粗隆Shaft前面后面外侧面骨间缘interosseousborder(medialborder)Lowerend:styloidprocess茎突laterally,ulnarnotch尺切迹medially,andcarpalarticularsurface腕关节面inferiorly

Carpalbones腕骨Proximalrow―(lateraltomedial)scaphoid手舟骨,lunate月骨,triquetral三角骨andpisiform豌豆骨Distalrow―(lateraltomedial)trapezium大多角骨,trapezoid小多角骨,capitate头状骨andhamate钩骨

Metacarpalbones掌骨NumberedonetofivefromthumbtolittlefingerStructureofeach―base(proximally),shaft,andhea